عَن أبي هُريرةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ فُقَرَاءَ المُهَاجِرِينَ أَتَوْا رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقالوا: ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الدُّثُورِ بِالدَّرَجاتِ العُلَى والنَّعِيمِ المُقِيمِ، فَقَال: «ومَا ذَاكَ؟» فَقَالُوا: يُصَلُّونَ كمَا نُصَلِّي، ويَصُومُونَ كمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ ولا نَتَصَدَّقُ، ويَعتِقُونَ ولا نَعْتِقُ، فقال رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «أَفَلا أُعَلِّمُكُمْ شَيئًا تُدرِكُونَ بِهِ مَنْ سبَقَكُمْ، وتَسْبِقُونَ بِهِ مَنْ بَعْدَكُمْ، وَلاَ يَكُونُ أَحَدٌ أَفْضَلَ مِنْكُم إِلَّا مَنْ صَنَعَ مِثلَ ما صَنَعْتُم؟» قالوا: بَلَى يا رسولَ اللهِ، قَالَ: «تُسبِّحُونَ وَتَحْمَدُونَ وتُكَبِّرُونَ دُبُر كُلِّ صَلاةٍ ثَلاثًا وثَلاثِينَ مَرَّةً» فَرَجَعَ فُقَرَاءُ المُهَاجِرِينَ إِلى رسولِ الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فَقَالُوا: سمِعَ إِخْوَانُنَا أَهْلُ الأَموَالِ بِمَا فَعلْنَا، فَفَعَلوا مِثْلَهُ! فَقَالَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «ذلك فَضْلُ اللهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يشَاءُ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the poor among the Emigrants came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "The wealthy have made off with the highest ranks and lasting bliss." He said, "How is that?" They said: "They pray as we pray, and they fast as we fast, but they give charity and we cannot, and they free slaves and we cannot." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Shall I not teach you something by which you may catch up with those who have surpassed you, and outstrip those who come after you, so that no one will be better than you except one who does the like of what you do?" They said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "You glorify Allah, praise Him, and magnify Him thirty-three times after every prayer." Then the poor among the Emigrants returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Our brothers, the people of wealth, have heard of what we did, and they have done the same!" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "That is the grace of Allah, which He bestows upon whom He wills." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
ذهب: المقصود حاز واختص. الدثور: المراد هنا المال الكثير. بالدرجات العلى: الرفيعة وهي القرب من الله تعالى. النّعيم المقيم: نعيم الجنة الذي لا ينقضي أبدًا. وما ذاك؟: أي ما هو سبب حيازتهم الفضل. من سبَقَكم: أي إلى المنازل العلى. من بعدكم: أي من يأتي بعدكم في درجة الاجتهاد. بما فعلنا: أي ما ذكرته لنا من التسبيح والتكبير والتحميد.
Made off (dhahaba): what is meant is they have gained and taken exclusively for themselves. The wealthy (al-duthur): what is meant here is abundant wealth. The highest ranks (al-darajat al-'ula): the lofty ranks, which are nearness to Allah the Exalted. Lasting bliss (al-na'im al-muqim): the bliss of Paradise that never ends. How is that? (wa-ma dhak): meaning, what is the cause of their attaining this merit? Those who surpassed you (man sabaqakum): meaning to the lofty stations. Those who come after you (man ba'dakum): meaning those who come after you in the rank of striving. What we did (bima fa'alna): meaning what you mentioned to us of glorifying, magnifying, and praising Allah.
الدروس · lessons
حرص الصحابة رضي الله عنهم على فعل الخيرات وتنافسهم في ذلك. وجوه الخير كثيرة وطرق تحصيل الأجر متعددة ومتنوعة. عظيم فضل الله عز وجل حيث أعطى وأثاب، ووفق للعمل وأجزل الأجر. فضيلة الأذكار الواردة دُبر الصلوات والحثّ على التزامها. حثّ الأغنياء على العبادة وأنواع الطاعة، وعدم اعتمادهم على الإنفاق فحسب. حثّ الفقراء على اكتساب المال ليحصلوا فضيلة الإنفاق . العطاء من الله تعالى امتحان والمنع منه سبحانه ابتلاء واختبار، فالمؤمن يصبر حال المنع ويشكر عند العطاء.
The eagerness of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to perform good deeds and their competing in that. The avenues of good are many, and the ways of attaining reward are numerous and varied. The immense grace of Allah the Mighty and Majestic, in that He gives and rewards, grants success to deeds, and bestows reward abundantly. The merit of the remembrances reported after the prayers and the encouragement to adhere to them. Urging the wealthy toward worship and the various kinds of obedience, and not relying on spending alone. Urging the poor to earn wealth so that they may attain the merit of spending. Bestowal from Allah the Exalted is a test, and His withholding is also a trial and examination; so the believer is patient when withheld from and grateful when given.