عَن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما: أَنَّ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قال: «ما حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسلِمٍ لَهُ شَيءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ، يبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وفي روايةِ مسلمٍ: «يَبِيتُ ثَلاثَ لَيَالٍ». قال ابْنُ عمر: مَا مَرَّتْ عَلَيَّ لَيْلَةٌ مُنذُ سَمِعتُ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قال ذلِكَ إِلَّا وَعِنْدِي وَصِيَّتِي.
Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not right for any Muslim who has something concerning which he should make a bequest to let two nights pass without having his will written down with him." Agreed upon. In the narration of Muslim: "to let three nights pass." Ibn 'Umar said: Not a single night has passed over me since I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that, except that my will is with me.
الشرح · explanation
ما حق: أي من الحق اللازم عليه. له شيء: وفي رواية "له مال". مكتوبة عنده: أي مسجلة ومبيَّن فيها الحق.
It is not right (ma haqq): meaning, it is among the rights binding upon him. Has something (lahu shay'): and in another narration, "has wealth." Written down with him (maktubah 'indahu): meaning recorded, with the rights specified within it.
الدروس · lessons
استحباب المبادرة إلى كتابة الوصية، لأن المرء لا يعلم متى يأتيه الموت، وهذا في الوصية المتبرع بها، أما كتابة الوصية بوفاء الدين ورد الأمانات التي عليه فواجبة، ما لم تكن هناك أوراق مثبتة لهذا الحق الذي عليه. كتابة الوصية لا تقتصر على المريض أو من شعر بقرب أجله، لكنّها تتأكد في حقهما. ينبغي للمؤمن أن يكون ذاكرًا للموت ومستعدًا له في كل وقت. ذكر الليلتين أو الثلاث في الحديث لرفع الحرج بسبب المشاغل، وكان ابن عمر لا يبيت ليلة إلا ووصيته مكتوبة عنده.
It is recommended to hasten to write one's will, for a person does not know when death will come to him — this concerns a voluntary bequest; as for writing a will to settle debts and return trusts one owes, that is obligatory, unless there are documents already establishing the obligation owed. Writing a will is not limited to the sick or to one who senses his end is near, though it is more emphasized in their case. The believer should remain mindful of death and prepared for it at all times. The mention of 'two or three nights' in the hadith is to relieve hardship arising from one's occupations; Ibn 'Umar would not pass a single night without his will written and kept with him.