عَنْ وابصةَ بنِ مَعْبِدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قال: أَتَيْتُ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقال: «جِئْتَ تسأَلُ عنِ البِرِّ؟» قلت: نعم، فقال صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «اسْتَفْتِ قَلْبَكَ، البِرُّ: ما اطْمَأَنَّتْ إِلَيْهِ النَّفْسُ، واطْمَأَنَّ إِلَيْهِ القَلْبُ، والإِثمُ ما حاكَ في النَّفْسِ، وتَرَدَّدَ في الصَّدْرِ، وإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ النَّاسُ وَأَفْتَوكَ» حديثٌ حسنٌ، رواهُ أحمدُ والدَّارَمِيُّ في "مُسْنَدَيْهِما".
Wabisah ibn Ma'bad (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "You have come to ask about righteousness?" I said: Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Consult your heart. Righteousness is that with which the soul is at ease and the heart is at rest, and sin is what wavers within the soul and causes hesitation in the breast, even if people give you their verdict, and give it again." A hasan (sound) hadith, narrated by Ahmad and al-Darimi in their two Musnads.
الشرح · explanation
استفت قلبك: أي اطلب الفتوى من قلبك ما دام على صفاء فطرته لم تدنسه مفسدات الفطرة أو آفات الهوى. وتردد في الصدر: أي لم ينشرح له. وإن أفتاك الناس: أي ولو اطلعت على بعض الفتاوى من أهل الفساد التي تبيح لك ما وجدت في نفسك ترددًا وقلقًا فيه، ما لم تكن الفتوى من أهل العلم والورع.
"Consult your heart": that is, seek the verdict from your heart so long as it remains upon the purity of its natural disposition (fitrah), untainted by the corrupters of the fitrah or the afflictions of desire. "Causes hesitation in the breast": that is, the breast does not feel at ease with it. "Even if people give you their verdict": that is, even if you come across certain verdicts from corrupt people permitting you what you found hesitation and unease about in yourself—so long as the verdict is not from the people of knowledge and scrupulousness.
الدروس · lessons
معجزة عظيمة للنبيّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم حيث أخبر وابصة رضي الله عنه بما في نفسه قبل أن يتكلم. سياق الحديث في الشبهات التي تحصل للنفوس خشية أن تكون حرامًا، أما الحرام الذي جاءت به الأدلة فلا استفتاء للنفس فيه. الحذر من مفسدات الفطرة التي كثُرت في هذا الزمان والتي جعلت بعض الناس يطمئن وتنشرح نفسه للحرام الصريح بل لبعض الكبائر أحيانا.
A great miracle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), in that he informed Wabisah (may Allah be pleased with him) of what was in his heart before he even spoke. The context of the hadith concerns the doubtful matters that arise in souls out of fear that they may be unlawful; as for the unlawful that has been established by clear evidence, there is no consulting of the self regarding it. Beware of the corrupters of the natural disposition (fitrah), which have become widespread in this age and have led some people to feel at ease and content in their souls with outright unlawful things, and at times even with some major sins.