عَنْ أبي سعيدٍ الخُدرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قال: قال رَجُلٌ: أَيُّ النَّاسِ أفضَلُ يارسولَ اللهِ؟ قال صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: «مُؤْمِنٌ مجَاهِدٌ بِنَفسِهِ وَمَالِهِ في سبيلِ اللهِ» قال: ثُمَّ مَنْ؟ قال: «ثُمَّ رَجُلٌ مُعتَزِلٌ في شِعْبٍ مِنَ الشِّعَابِ يَعبُدُ رَبَّه» وفي روايةٍ: يتَّقِي الله ويَدَعُ النَّاسَ مِن شَرِّهِ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man said: "Which of the people is best, O Messenger of Allah?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer who strives with his self and his wealth in the cause of Allah." The man asked: "Then who?" He said: "Then a man who withdraws to one of the mountain passes, worshipping his Lord." And in another narration: "who fears Allah and spares people his evil." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
شِعْب: الطريق في الجبل وما انفرج بين الجبلين وما يكون منه سيل الماء. مُعتَزِل: منقطع عن النّاس.
Mountain pass (shi'b): a path through a mountain, the gap between two mountains, and the place through which floodwater flows. Withdrawn (mu'tazil): one who has cut himself off from people.
الدروس · lessons
أهمية السؤال عما يحتاج إليه الإنسان من أمور الدين. بيان فضل الجهاد في سبيل الله بالنفس والمال. اعتزال النّاس لا يمدح مطلقا، فكما بيّن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هنا أن اعتزال النّاس يمدح إذا كان عوناً للمسلم على تقوى الله، وكفّ الشرّ عن النّاس. يفهم من الحديث أنّ من استطاع فعل هذين الأمرين وهو بين النّاس فليس له أن يعتزلهم واعتزاله مذموم.
The importance of asking about what a person needs to know of the affairs of his religion. A statement of the excellence of striving in the cause of Allah with one's self and one's wealth. Withdrawing from people is not praised unconditionally; rather, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified here, withdrawal is praiseworthy when it aids the Muslim in the piety of Allah and in restraining his evil from people. It is understood from the hadith that whoever is able to do these two things while remaining among people should not withdraw from them, and his withdrawal in that case would be blameworthy.