عَنْ أنسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم رَأَى نُخامَةً في القِبلةِ، فشقَّ ذلكَ عَلَيهِ حتَّى رُئِيَ في وجهِهِ، فَقَامَ فَحَكَّهُ بيَدِهِ فقال: «إنّ أحَدكمْ إذا قَامَ في صَلاتِهِ فَإنَّهُ يُنَاجِي ربَّهُ، أَوْ إنَّ ربَّهُ بَينَهُ وبَينَ القِبْلَةِ، فلا يَبْزُقَنَّ أَحَدُكُم قِبَلَ القِبْلَةِ، ولكِنْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، أوْ تَحْتَ قدَمِهِ» ثُمَّ أخَذَ طرفَ رِدائِهِ فَبصقَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ ردَّ بَعْضَهُ على بعْضٍ فقال: «أَو يَفْعَلُ هكذا» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw some sputum on the wall facing the qiblah. This distressed him so much that it could be seen in his face. So he stood and scraped it off with his hand, and said: "When one of you stands in his prayer, he is conversing privately with his Lord" — or: "his Lord is between him and the qiblah — so let none of you spit toward the qiblah, but rather to his left, or beneath his foot." Then he took the edge of his cloak, spat into it, folded part of it over the other, and said: "Or let him do like this." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
نخامة: ما يخرجه الإنسان من صدره، قيل ما يخرجه من طريق فمه، وقيل ما يخرجه من أنفه. في القبلة: في الجدار الذي يستقبلونه جهة القبلة. فشق: فاشتدَّ عليه وصعُب. فحكه: أزاله. يناجي ربه: يخاطبه، لقراءته القرآن والأذكار في الصلاة. وأن ربه بينه وبين القبلة: لأن العبد في الصلاة يقف بين يدي ربه سبحانه يناجيه ويسأله ويستغفره، فيقتضي من العبد أن يكون على أحسن حال كما قال صلى الله عليه وسلم : "الإحسان أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه يراك". ردَّ بَعْضَهُ على بعْضٍ: أي جمع طرفي الثوب على البصاق.
Nukhamah (sputum): what a person brings up from his chest; it has been said it is what is expelled through the mouth, and it has been said it is what is expelled from the nose. In the qiblah: on the wall that they face in the direction of the qiblah. This distressed him: it weighed heavily upon him and was hard for him. He scraped it off: he removed it. Conversing privately with his Lord: addressing Him, through his recitation of the Qur'an and the remembrances in the prayer. His Lord is between him and the qiblah: because the servant in prayer stands before his Lord, glorified is He, conversing with Him, asking of Him, and seeking His forgiveness; this requires of the servant to be in the best of states, as he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as though you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then He surely sees you." Folded part of it over the other: that is, he gathered the two edges of the garment over the sputum.
الدروس · lessons
والأمرُ بالبُصاقِ عنْ يسَارِهِ أو تحتَ قَدمِهِ هُوَ فيما إذا كانَ في غَيْرِ المَسجِدِ، فَأَمَّا في المسجِدِ فَلا يَبصُقُ إلاَّ في ثوبِهِ. وجوب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر وإزالته باليد إن أمكن. حرمة المساجد وأنه لا يجوز تلويثها أو إلقاء الأوساخ فيها. احترام جهة القبلة فلا يبصق إليها، فهو حرام سواء كان في المسجد أم لا، وجواز البصاق في ثوب الصلاة إذا اضطر لذلك.
The command to spit to one's left or beneath one's foot applies when one is outside the mosque; but inside the mosque one should only spit into one's garment. The obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil, and removing the evil by hand if possible. The sanctity of the mosques, and that it is not permissible to soil them or to throw refuse in them. Respect for the direction of the qiblah, so that one does not spit toward it — this being forbidden whether one is in the mosque or not — and the permissibility of spitting into one's prayer garment when compelled to do so.