عَنْ أبي هريرةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «كَانَتْ بَنُو إسرَائِيلَ تَسُوسُهُمُ الأَنْبياءُ، كُلَّما هَلَكَ نَبِيٌّ خَلَفَهُ نَبِيٌّ، وَإنَّهُ لا نَبِيَّ بَعدي، وسَيَكُونُ بَعدِي خُلَفَاءُ فَيَكثُرُونَ» قالوا: فَما تَأْمُرُنَا؟ قال: «أَوفُوا بِبَيعَةِ الأَوَّلِ فالأَوَّل، ثُمَّ أَعطُوهُمْ حَقَّهُمْ، وَاسأَلوا اللهَ الَّذي لَكُم، فَإنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى سائِلُهمْ عمَّا استَرْعاهُمْ» مُتَفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Children of Israel were governed by the prophets: whenever a prophet died, another prophet succeeded him. But there will be no prophet after me, and there will be caliphs after me who will be many." They asked: What do you command us? He said: "Fulfil the pledge of allegiance to the first, then the next; then give them their due, and ask Allah for what is due to you, for Allah will question them about what He entrusted to their care." Agreed upon.
الشرح · explanation
إسرائيل: هو لقب يعقوب بن إسحاق عليهم السلام وأبناؤه هم قبائل اليهود، وإسرائيل اسم عبراني معناه عبد الله. تسوسهم: تؤدبهم وترعاهم كلما مات رسول خلفه رسول يقيم أمرهم وينصر مظلومهم. فيَكثرون: أي يكثر عددهم. فأوفوا ببيعة الأول: الزموا بيعته وأدوا حق طاعته.
Israel: it is the title of Jacob, son of Isaac (peace be upon them); his descendants are the tribes of the Jews. Israel is a Hebrew name meaning the servant of Allah. Governed them: disciplined and cared for them; whenever a messenger died, another messenger succeeded him to set their affairs right and support the wronged among them. Who will be many: that is, their number will increase. Fulfil the pledge of allegiance to the first: hold fast to his pledge and render him his due obedience.
الدروس · lessons
أنه لا بد للناس من نبي أو خليفة يقوم بأمرهم ويحملهم على الطريق المستقيم ويكفيهم شر الظالمين. الحكام القائمون بالعدل من بعد النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم هم خلفاؤه ما داموا قائمين على الحق. يجب على الرعية النصح للحكام والطاعة لهم، والمحافظة على بيعة الأول منهم. للرعية الحق أن يسألوا حكامهم الرفق بهم، وبذل الجهد في رعاية مصالحهم. من معجزات النَّبِيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم إخباره عن المغيبات التي ستقع في المستقبل وأنه جاء وفق ما أخبر به.
People must inevitably have a prophet or a caliph who undertakes their affairs, leads them upon the straight path, and protects them from the evil of the oppressors. The rulers who uphold justice after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) are his successors so long as they uphold the truth. The flock must offer sincere counsel to the rulers, obey them, and uphold the pledge of allegiance to the first of them. The flock has the right to ask their rulers to be gentle with them and to exert effort in caring for their interests. Among the miracles of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is his foretelling of unseen matters that would occur in the future, which came to pass exactly as he had foretold.