عَن ابنِ عمرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قال: سَمِعْتُ رسُولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يقولُ: «مَنْ خلَعَ يَدًا منْ طَاعَةٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ يوْمَ القيامَةِ ولاَ حُجَّةَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ ماتَ وَلَيْس في عُنُقِهِ بيْعَةٌ مَاتَ مِيتةً جَاهِلِيَّةً» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ. وفي روايةٍ لهُ: «ومَنْ ماتَ وَهُوَ مُفَارِقٌ للْجَماعةِ، فَإنَّهُ يمُوتُ مِيتَةً جَاهِليَّةً». هذا لفظ أحمد في المسند.
Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever withdraws his hand from obedience will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection with no argument in his defense, and whoever dies with no pledge of allegiance upon his neck dies the death of the Days of Ignorance." [Muslim] In another narration by him: "And whoever dies while having separated himself from the community dies the death of the Days of Ignorance." This is the wording of Ahmad in al-Musnad.
الشرح · explanation
خلع يدًا من طاعة: أبطل بيعته بخروجه عن طاعة الحاكم بغير سبب شرعي. لا حجة له: لا عذر له في نقض عهده. ليس في عنقه بيعة: لم يبايع. مفارق للجماعة: مخالف للمسلمين في البيعة والطاعة للإمام الحاكم على السمع والطاعة. ميتة جاهلية: أي كميتة أهل الجاهلية على الضلال، حيث إنهم كانوا لا يدخلون تحت طاعة أمير ويرون ذلك عيبًا.
Withdraws his hand from obedience: he nullifies his pledge of allegiance by rebelling against the obedience of the ruler without a legitimate religious cause. No argument in his defense: he has no excuse for breaking his covenant. No pledge of allegiance upon his neck: he never pledged allegiance. Separated himself from the community: one who differs from the Muslims regarding the pledge and obedience to the ruling leader, in hearing and obeying. The death of the Days of Ignorance: that is, like the death of the people of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance, dying upon misguidance, for they would not submit to the authority of any leader and regarded doing so as a disgrace.
الدروس · lessons
حرص النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم على اجتماع المسلمين ووحدة صفوفهم. وجوب البيعة للإمام العادل والتزام جماعة المسلمين. النهي عن عصيان الإمام المسلم إذا لم يأمر بمعصية، وتحريم الخروج عليه مادام مقيمًا للصلاة وللدين بين الناس.
The Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) keenness on the unity of the Muslims and the cohesion of their ranks. The obligation of pledging allegiance to the just leader and adhering to the community of the Muslims. The prohibition of disobeying the Muslim leader so long as he does not command sin, and the forbiddance of rebelling against him as long as he upholds the prayer and the religion among the people.