عَنْ عبدِ اللهِ بن عَمرٍو رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُما قالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم في سَفَرٍ ، فَنَزَلْنا منْزِلًا، فَمِنَّا منْ يُصلحُ خِباءَهُ، ومِنَّا منْ ينْتَضِلُ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ هُوَ في جَشَرِهِ، إذْ نادَى مُنَادِي رسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: "الصَّلاةَ جامِعةً" فاجْتَمعْنَا إلى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فقالَ: «إنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَبِيٌّ قَبْلي إلّا كَانَ حَقًّا علَيْهِ أنْ يَدُلَّ أُمَّتَهُ عَلى خَيرِ ما يعْلَمُهُ لهُمْ، ويُنذِرَهُمْ شَرَّ ما يعلَمُهُ لهُمْ، وإنَّ أُمَّتَكُمْ هذِهِ جُعِلَ عَافيتُها في أَوَّلِها، وسَيُصِيبُ آخِرَهَا بلاءٌ وأُمُورٌ تُنكِرُونَهَا، وتجيءُ فِتَنٌ يُرقِّقُ بَعضُها بَعْضًا، وتجيءُ الفِتْنَةُ فَيقُولُ المُؤمِنُ: هذِهِ مُهْلِكَتي، ثُمَّ تَنْكَشِفُ، وتجيءُ الفِتنَةُ فَيَقُولُ المُؤْمِنُ: هذِهِ هذِهِ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أنْ يُزَحْزَحَ عنِ النَّار،ِ ويُدْخَلَ الْجنَّةَ، فَلْتَأْتِهِ مَنِيَّتُهُ وَهُوَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَاليَوْمِ الآخِرِ، ولْيَأْتِ إلى النَّاسِ الَّذِي يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُؤتَى إلَيْهِ، ومَنْ بَايعَ إمامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يدِهِ، وثمَرةَ قَلْبهِ، فَليُطِعْهُ إنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإنْ جَاءَ آخَرُ ينازِعُهُ، فاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
'Abdullah ibn 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey. We halted at a camping place, and among us were those who were setting up their tents, those who were competing in archery, and those who were tending to their grazing animals, when the announcer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called out: "Gather for the prayer!" So we gathered around the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "There was never a prophet before me except that it was incumbent upon him to guide his nation to the best of what he knew for them, and to warn them of the worst of what he knew for them. As for this nation of yours, its well-being has been placed in its earliest part, while its later part will be afflicted by tribulation and matters you will find detestable. There will come trials, each one making the one before it seem trivial. A trial will come, and the believer will say: This is my destruction; then it passes. Then another trial will come, and the believer will say: This one, this one. So whoever wishes to be removed far from the Fire and admitted into Paradise, let his death come upon him while he believes in Allah and the Last Day, and let him treat people as he would love to be treated. And whoever has pledged allegiance to a leader, giving him the clasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart, let him obey him if he is able. But if another comes contesting his authority, then strike the neck of that other one." [Muslim]
الشرح · explanation
منزلًا: هو موضعًا ننزل ونستريح فيه. خباءه: ما يَختبئ فيه وهو الخيمة أو ما شابهها. ينْتَضِلُ: أي يُسابِقُ بالرَّمْي بالنَّبْلِ والنُّشَّابِ. الجَشَر: هي الدَّوابُّ التي تَرْعَى وتَبيتُ مَكانَها. الصلاة جامعة: أي احضروا لتصلوا مجتمعين. عافيتها: سلامتها من الفتن. يُرقٍّقُ بعْضُهَا بَعضًا: يُصيِّرُ بعضُها بعضًا رقِيقًا، أيْ خَفِيفًا لِعِظَمِ ما بعْدَهُ، فالثَّاني يُرقِّقُ الأَوَّلَ. أمور تنكرونها: أي مستحدثة ومبتدعة ومخالفة للشرع. مُهلكتي: أي فيها هلاكي. يُزحزح: يُنحَّى ويُبعد. فلتأته منيته: فليحرص أن يأتيه الموت وهو يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر. ليأت إلى الناس: أي ليتعامل مع الناس. صفقة يده: ضرب اليد على اليد والمراد أنه قد أكَّد البيعة. ثمرة قلبه: عقد قلبه على الإخلاص في طاعته. ينازعه: يخرج عن طاعته ويريد الملك لنفسه. فاضربوا عنق: فاقتلوا.
A camping place: a spot where we halt and rest. His tent: that in which one shelters, namely a tent or the like. Competing in archery: that is, contending with one another in shooting arrows and darts. Grazing animals: the beasts that graze and pass the night where they are. Gather for the prayer: that is, come to pray together in congregation. Its well-being: its safety from trials. Each making the next seem trivial: one renders the other slight, that is, light by comparison to the gravity of what follows it, so the latter makes the former seem small. Matters you will find detestable: that is, newly invented, innovated, and contrary to the Sacred Law. My destruction: that is, in it lies my ruin. Be removed far: be set aside and distanced. Let his death come upon him: let him be keen that death reach him while he believes in Allah and the Last Day. Let him treat people: that is, let him deal with people. The clasp of his hand: the striking of hand upon hand, meaning that he has confirmed the pledge of allegiance. The sincerity of his heart: he has resolved in his heart upon sincerity in obeying him. Contesting his authority: rebelling against his obedience and seeking sovereignty for himself. Strike the neck: that is, kill.
الدروس · lessons
استحباب جمع الناس من أجل إخبارهم بما يهمهم. من واجب الحكّام والعلماء تنبيه الأمّة وتحذيرها من الأخطار. معجزة النَّبِيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم بإخباره عن حدوث فتن متوالية يجر بعضها بعضًا، وكل فتنة أشدّ وأكثر تعقيدا من سابقتها، وكل هذا وقع كما أخبر بذلك صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فنسأل الله العافية منها. التحذير من الخوض في الفتن والدخول فيها. التزام الإيمان، وسلوك سبل الهداية، والمعاملة الحسنة والخلق الطيّب مع الناس من أهم المعينات على الوقاية من شرّ الفتن التي تقود إلى الوقوع في جهنم. الوفاء بالعهد للحاكم المسلم والتزام السمع والطاعة فيما يستطيع في غير معصية. وجوب القتال مع الإمام العادل على من خرج عليه من البغاة، وفق شروط وتفاصيل في كتب الفقه والسياسة الشرعيّة. حرص الشريعة على المحافظة على وحدة صفّ المسلمين وعدم تفريق كلمتهم.
The recommendation of gathering people in order to inform them of what concerns them. It is among the duties of rulers and scholars to alert the nation and warn it of dangers. A miracle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in foretelling the occurrence of successive trials drawing one another on, each trial more severe and more complex than the one before it; and all of this came to pass exactly as he (peace and blessings be upon him) foretold. We ask Allah to keep us safe from them. A warning against plunging into trials and entering into them. Adhering to faith, treading the paths of guidance, and dealing well and with good character toward people are among the most important means of protection from the evil of trials that lead to falling into Hellfire. Fulfilling the covenant to the Muslim ruler and adhering to hearing and obeying in whatever one is able, in what is not sinful. The obligation of fighting alongside the just leader against those rebels who revolt against him, according to the conditions and details set out in the books of jurisprudence and Islamic political governance. The keenness of the Sacred Law to preserve the unity of the Muslims' ranks and to avoid splitting their word.