عَنْ عائشة رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْها قالتْ: كُنَّ أَزْواجُ النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم عنْدهُ، فَأْقْبلتْ فَاطِمةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُا تَمْشِي، مَا تُخْطئ مِشْيتُهَا مِنْ مِشْيَةِ رسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا رآها رَحَّبَ بها وقالَ: «مرْحبًا بابنَتي» ثُمَّ أَجْلَسهَا عنْ يمِيِنِهِ أَوْ عنْ شِمالِهِ، ثُمَّ سارَّها فَبَكتْ بُكَاءً شديدًا، فلَمَّا رَأى جَزَعَها، سَارَّها الثَّانِيةَ فَضَحِكَت، فقلتُ لهَا: خصَّكِ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم مِن بيْنِ نِسائِهِ بالسِّرَارِ، ثُمَّ أَنْتِ تَبْكِين! فَلَمَّا قَام رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم سأَلْتُهَا: ما قال لكِ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم؟ قالتْ: ما كُنْتُ لِأُفْشِيَ عَلى رسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم سِرَّهُ. فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قلتُ: عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكِ بِمَا لي عَلَيْكِ مِنَ الحَقِّ، لَمَا حدَّثْتنِي ما قالَ لكِ رسولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم؟ فقالتْ: أَمَّا الآنَ فَنعمْ، أَما حِينَ سَارَّني في المَرَّةِِ الأولى فَأخْبرني «أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ كَان يُعارِضُهُ القُرْآن في كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وأَنَّهُ عَارَضهُ الآنَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَإِنِّي لا أُرَى الأجَلَ إلاَّ قدِ اقْتَرَبَ، فاتَّقِي اللهَ واصْبِرِي، فَإنَّهُ نِعْم السَّلَفُ أَنَا لكِ» فَبَكَيْتُ بُكَائِي الَّذي رأيْتِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى جَزعِي سَارَّني الثَّانيةَ، فقالَ: «يَا فَاطمةُ، أَما تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ تَكُوني سيِّدَةَ نِسَاءِ المُؤْمِنِينَ، أوْ سَيِّدةَ نِساءِ هذهِ الأُمَّةِ؟» فَضَحِكتُ ضَحِكي الَّذي رأَيْتِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ وهذا لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) were with him when Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) came walking, her gait not differing in the least from the gait of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When he saw her, he welcomed her and said: "Welcome, my daughter." Then he seated her on his right or his left. Then he confided something to her and she wept bitterly. When he saw her distress, he confided to her a second time and she laughed. I said to her: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) singled you out from among his wives with a private word, and yet you weep!" When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) rose, I asked her: "What did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say to you?" She said: "I would not divulge the secret of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, I said: "I adjure you, by the right I have over you, tell me what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to you." She said: "As for now, yes. As for when he confided to me the first time, he informed me that Gabriel used to review the Qur'an with him once or twice each year, and that he had reviewed it with him twice this year, and he said: 'I do not think but that my appointed time has drawn near, so fear Allah and be patient, for I am the best predecessor for you.' So I wept as you saw. When he saw my distress, he confided to me the second time and said: 'O Fatimah, are you not pleased to be the mistress of the women of the believers,' or 'the mistress of the women of this Ummah?' So I laughed as you saw." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim), and this is the wording of Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
جزعها: شدّة حزنها وضعفها عن تحمل ما سمعت. عزمت عليك: أقسمت بالذي لي عليك من الحق. يعارض القرآن: يقرأ النَّبِيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ويسمع جبريل عليه السلام، ثم يقرأ جبريل ويسمع النَّبِيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، والمراد بالقرآن ما اجتمع منه إلى حين تدارسهما، وقد تم نزول القرآن قبل وفاة النَّبِيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بوقت قليل. الأجل: آخر مدة الحياة. فاتقي الله: عند حلول الموت، ولا تفعلي محرمًا من النياحة وغيرها. فإنه نعم السلف أنا لك: السلف من يسبق ويتقدّم، والمراد أنّه صلّى الله عليه وسلّم سيكون أمامها في الجنّة حتى تصبر على فراقه.
"Her distress": the intensity of her grief and her inability to bear what she heard. "I adjure you": I swear by the right I have over you. "Review the Qur'an": the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would recite while Gabriel (peace be upon him) listened, then Gabriel would recite while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) listened. What is meant by "the Qur'an" is what had been gathered of it up to the time of their mutual review; and the revelation of the Qur'an was completed shortly before the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) death. "The appointed time": the end of the term of life. "So fear Allah": at the coming of death, and do not do anything forbidden, such as wailing and the like. "For I am the best predecessor for you": the "predecessor" (salaf) is one who goes ahead and precedes; what is meant is that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would go ahead of her into Paradise, so that she should be patient over parting from him.
الدروس · lessons
جواز البكاء الخالي من الإثم. فضل فاطمة رضي الله عنها وأنها أفضل نساء هذه الأمة. لا ينبغي إفشاء السرّ ولا يلزم كتمانه بعد وفاة صاحبه إلا إن كان فيه ضرر عليه. يستحبّ للإنسان إذا شعر بقرب أجله أو نحو ذلك أن يأمر أهله بالصبر وعدم الجزع على المصيبة والنياحة. استحباب مدارسة القرآن الكريم وتكثير العبادة وخاصة في آخر العمر.
The permissibility of weeping that is free of sin. The virtue of Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and that she is the best of the women of this Ummah. A secret should not be divulged, nor is one obliged to keep it after the death of its owner, unless disclosing it would cause him harm. It is recommended for a person, when he senses the nearness of his appointed time or the like, to command his family to be patient and not to show anguish over the calamity or to wail. The recommendation of studying the Noble Qur'an and increasing worship, especially at the end of one's life.