عَنِ ابنِ شُمَاسَةَ قالَ: حَضَرْنَا عَمْرَو بنَ العاصِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ في سِيَاقَةِ المَوْتِ، فبَكَى طَويلًا، وَحَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ إِلى الجدَارِ، فَجَعَلَ ابْنُهُ يَقُولُ: يا أَبَتَاهُ، أَمَا بَشَّرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بكَذَا؟ أَما بشَّرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بكَذَا؟ فَأَقْبلَ بوَجْههِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا نَعُدُّ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وأَنَّ مُحمَّدًا رسُولُ اللهِ، إِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ عَلى أَطبْاقٍ ثَلاثٍ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُني وَمَا أَحَدٌ أَشَدَّ بُغْضًا لرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم مِنِّي، وَلا أَحبَّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَكُونَ قَدِ استمْكنْتُ مِنْهُ فقَتلْتُهُ، فَلَوْ مُتُّ عَلى تِلْكَ الحالِ لَكُنْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّار، فَلَمَّا جَعَلَ اللهُ الإِسْلامَ في قَلْبي أَتيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فَقُلْتُ: ابْسُطْ يمينَكَ فَلأُبَايِعْكَ ، فَبَسَطَ يمِينَهُ، فَقَبَضْتُ يَدِي، فقال: «ما لكَ يا عمرُو؟» قلتُ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرطَ، قالَ: «تَشْتَرطُ بِماذَا؟» قُلْتُ: أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لي، قَالَ: «أَمَا عَلمْتَ أَنَّ الإِسْلامَ يَهْدِمُ ما كَانَ قَبلَهُ، وَأَنَّ الهجرَةَ تَهدِمُ ما كانَ قبلَها، وأَنَّ الحَجَّ يَهدِمُ ما كانَ قبلَهُ؟» وما كان أَحَدٌ أَحَبَّ إِليَّ مِنْ رسولِ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ، وَلا أَجَلَّ في عَينيَّ مِنْهُ، ومَا كُنتُ أُطِيقُ أَن أَملأَ عَينيَّ مِنهُ إِجلالًا لهُ، ولوْ سُئِلتُ أَنْ أَصِفَهُ ما أَطَقتُ، لأَنِّي لمْ أَكنْ أَملأُ عَينيَّ مِنهُ، ولوْ مُتُّ على تِلكَ الحَال لَرَجَوتُ أَن أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ، ثُمَّ وَلِينَا أَشيَاءَ ما أَدْري ما حَالي فِيهَا؟ فَإِذا أَنا مُتُّ فلا تصحَبَنِّي نَائِحَةٌ ولا نَارٌ، فإذا دَفَنتمُوني فشُنُّوا عليَّ التُّرَابَ شَنًّا، ثمّ أَقِيمُوا حولَ قَبرِي قَدْرَ ما تُنْحَرُ جَزورٌ، وَيقْسَمُ لحْمُهَا، حَتَّى أَسْتَأْنِسَ بكُمْ، وأَنظُرَ ماذَا أُراجِعُ بِهِ رسُلَ رَبِّي. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Ibn Shumasah reported: We were present with Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) as he was in the throes of death. He wept for a long time and turned his face to the wall. His son began to say: "O my father, did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) not give you the glad tidings of such-and-such? Did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) not give you the glad tidings of such-and-such?" So he turned his face [toward us] and said: "The best of what we prepare is the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. I have passed through three stages. I have seen myself when no one was more intense in hatred for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than I, nor was there anything I would have loved more than to have overpowered him and killed him. Had I died in that state, I would have been among the people of the Fire. Then, when Allah placed Islam in my heart, I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: 'Stretch out your right hand, that I may pledge allegiance to you.' He stretched out his right hand, but I withdrew my hand. He said: 'What is the matter with you, Amr?' I said: 'I wish to make a condition.' He said: 'What condition do you make?' I said: 'That I be forgiven.' He said: 'Did you not know that Islam demolishes what came before it, that the Hijrah demolishes what came before it, and that the Hajj demolishes what came before it?' And [thereafter] no one was more beloved to me than the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), nor more majestic in my eyes than he. I was not able to fill my eyes with [gazing upon] him, out of reverence for him. If I were asked to describe him, I could not, because I never [fully] filled my eyes with him. Had I died in that state, I would have hoped to be among the people of Paradise. Then we took charge of certain affairs, and I do not know what my standing is in them. So when I die, let no wailing woman accompany me, nor any fire. When you bury me, pour the earth over me gently, then remain around my grave for the length of time it takes to slaughter a camel and distribute its meat, so that I may find comfort in your presence and see what answer I shall give to the messengers of my Lord." Reported by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
في سياقة الموت: أي حال حضور الموت. ثلاثة أطباق: أي ثلاثة أحوال وهي: ١~ حاله قبل الإسلام. ٢~ حاله بعد الإسلام وقبل توليته الإمارة. ٣~ حاله حينما وُلِّي الإمارة. استمكنت: تمكّنت وقدرت. أطيق: أقدر. ولينا أشياء: كُلِّفنا بأعمال. نائحة: وهي التي تُعدد أوصاف الميت وتبكي عليه. شُنُّوا : صبّوا التراب قليلًا قليلًا. جزور: هو اسم لما يُذبح من الإبل.
"In the throes of death (siyaqat al-mawt)": that is, at the onset of death. "Three stages (atbaq)": that is, three states: 1. his condition before Islam; 2. his condition after Islam and before assuming leadership; 3. his condition when he took charge of leadership. "I overpowered (istamkantu)": I gained power and ability. "I am able (utiq)": I am capable. "We took charge of certain affairs (walina ashya)": we were entrusted with responsibilities. "A wailing woman (na'ihah)": one who enumerates the qualities of the deceased and weeps over him. "Pour gently (shunnu)": pour the earth little by little. "A camel (jazur)": a name for what is slaughtered of camels.
الدروس · lessons
بكاء الإنسان عند الاحتضار، إشفاقًا من التقصير، ورجاء في عفو الله، ليس منقصة في حق الإنسان بل هو دليل على خوفه وحيائه من الله تعالى. ذكر ما كان من الإنسان إذا كان يرجو نصح من يسمع منه أو يزداد في الطاعة. الكافر إذا أسلم لا يُسأل عما مضى من الذنوب. فضل الهجرة في سبيل الله والحجّ وأثرهما في تكفير الذنوب. إجلال الصحابة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وحبهم له. شدّة ورع الصحابة رضي الله عنهم واتهامهم لأنفسهم وخوفهم من التقصير مع عظيم منزلتهم وبلائهم الحسن في الإسلام. الوصية قبل الموت ومما يوصي به امتثال الشرع والبعد عمّا نهى الله عنه. أخذ بعض العلماء من الحديث استحباب المكث عند القبر بعد الدفن مدة من الزمن.
A person's weeping at the time of death, out of fear of his shortcomings and hope in Allah's pardon, is not a fault in him; rather, it is evidence of his fear of, and shame before, Allah the Exalted. Recounting one's own past [is praiseworthy] when one thereby hopes to counsel those who hear or to increase in obedience. When a disbeliever embraces Islam, he is not held to account for the sins that preceded it. The merit of emigration (Hijrah) in the way of Allah and of the Hajj, and their effect in expiating sins. The Companions' reverence for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and their love for him. The intense scrupulousness (wara) of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), their holding themselves suspect, and their fear of falling short, despite their lofty rank and their excellent service to Islam. Making a bequest before death, part of which is enjoining compliance with the Sacred Law and keeping away from what Allah has forbidden. Some scholars derived from the hadith the recommendation of remaining at the grave for a period of time after burial.