عَنْ سهْلِ بنِ سعدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ رسولَ اللهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ أُتِيَ بشرابٍ، فشرِبَ مِنْهُ وعَنْ يَمِينِهِ غُلامٌ، وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ أَشْيَاخٌ، فقالَ للغُلامِ: «أَتَأْذَنُ لي أَنْ أُعْطِيَ هُؤلاءِ؟» فقالَ الغُلامُ: لا واللهِ، لا أُوثِرُ بِنصِيبى مِنكَ أَحَدًا، فَتلَّهُ رسولُ الله صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم في يدهِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was brought a drink. He drank some of it, while to his right was a youth and to his left were elders. He said to the youth: "Do you permit me to give it to these (elders)?" The youth said: No, by Allah, I will not give up my share of you to anyone. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) placed it in his hand. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
غلام: صبي قارب سن البلوغ. أشياخ: هم فضلاء القوم وكبارهم وهو غالبًا من بلغ فوق سن الخمسين. أوثر: أُقَدِّم وأُفَضِّل. تَلَّه: أي وَضَعَهُ، وهذا الغُلامُ هو ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُما.
"Youth" (ghulam): a boy approaching the age of puberty. "Elders" (ashyakh): the distinguished and senior members of a people, usually those past the age of fifty. "I give up (my share to)" (uthir): I give precedence and preference to another. "Placed it" (tallahu): that is, he put it (in his hand); and this youth was Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
الدروس · lessons
جواز استئذان صاحب الحقّ بتقديم غيره عليه إن علم أنه لا يتأذى من هذا الاستئذان، ولذلك استأذن النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ابن عمه هنا، ولم يستأذن الأعرابي في الحديث السابق لحداثة عهده بالإسلام. حرص الصحابة على الخير والتبرك بِسُؤرِ النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم بالشراب بعده.
It is permissible to seek the permission of the one entitled to a right in order to give another precedence over him, provided one knows he will not be hurt by being asked. For this reason the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sought the permission of his cousin here, whereas he did not seek the bedouin's permission in the previous hadith, on account of the latter's recent entry into Islam. The eagerness of the Companions for good and for seeking blessing through the Prophet's leftover drink (peace and blessings be upon him) by drinking after him.