عَنْ أبي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: سمعتُ رسولَ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ يقولُ: «إذا عَطَسَ أحدُكُمْ فَحَمِدَ اللّهَ فَشَمِّتُوهُ، فإنْ لمْ يَحْمَدِ اللّهَ فَلاَ تُشَمِّتُوهُ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "When one of you sneezes and praises Allah, then respond to him; but if he does not praise Allah, then do not respond to him." Reported by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
فشمتوه: أي قولوا له: يرحمك اللّه، ومعنى التشميت الدعاء بالخير والبركة.
"Then respond to him" (fa-shammituhu): that is, say to him, "May Allah have mercy on you"; the meaning of tashmit is to supplicate for good and blessing.
الدروس · lessons
أنّ التشميت يكون لمن حمد اللّه تعالى بعد عطاسه، ولا حق لمن لم يحمد اللّه في ذلك. الحثّ على مقابلة الدعاء بمثله والمكافأة على الجميل بالجميل مما يدعم الحب والإخاء.
The response (tashmit) is for the one who praises Allah the Exalted after sneezing; the one who does not praise Allah has no right to it. Encouragement to meet a supplication with its like and to repay a kindness with kindness, which strengthens love and brotherhood.