عنْ أبي عبدِ الرَّحمنِ عوفِ بنِ مالكٍ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: صلَّى رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ عَلى جَنَازَةٍ، فَحَفِظْتُ مِنْ دُعائِهِ وَهُو يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ، وارْحمْهُ، وعافِهِ، واعْفُ عنْهُ، وَأَكرِمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ، واغْسِلْهُ بِالماءِ والثَّلْجِ والْبرَدِ، ونَقِّهِ منَ الخَـطَايَا كما نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوبَ الأبْيَضَ منَ الدَّنَسِ، وَأَبْدِلْهُ دارًا خيرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلًا خَيْرًا مِنْ أهْلِهِ، وزَوْجًا خَيْرًا منْ زَوْجِهِ، وأدْخِلْهُ الجنَّةَ، وَأَعِذْهُ منْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ» حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ أنَا ذلكَ المَيِّتَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Abd al-Rahman Awf ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed over a funeral, and I memorized part of his supplication as he said: "O Allah, forgive him, have mercy on him, grant him well-being and pardon him, honor his reception, make his place of entry spacious, and wash him with water, snow, and hail. Cleanse him of sins as a white garment is cleansed of dirt. Give him in exchange a home better than his home, a family better than his family, and a spouse better than his spouse. Admit him into Paradise, and protect him from the punishment of the grave and from the punishment of the Fire"—until I wished that I were that deceased person. Reported by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
جنازة: الميت على السرير. نزله: المقصود ما يصير إليه من الثواب والأجر. مدخله: قبره. واغسله بالماء والثلج والبرد: المراد طهر ذنوبه بعموم أنواع رحمتك ومغفرتك. ونقّه: نظّفه وطهّره. الدنس: الوسخ. أعذه: أجره وخلّصه.
"Janazah (funeral)": the deceased upon the bier. "His reception (nuzul)": what is meant is the reward and recompense he comes to. "His place of entry": his grave. "Wash him with water, snow, and hail": what is meant is to purify his sins with the full range of Your mercy and forgiveness. "Cleanse him": clean and purify him. "Danas (dirt)": filth. "Protect him": shelter him and deliver him.
الدروس · lessons
بيان مشروعية الدعاء في صلاة الجنازة، وهو معظم مقصودها، وليس فيه دعاء محدود واجب بعينه عند العلماء، بل يدعو المصلي بما تيسر له، لكن الأولى أن يكون بالأدعية المأثورة في ذلك. الصلاة على الجنازة فرض كفاية. استحباب هذا الدعاء في صلاة الجنازة. جواز الجهر بالدعاء في صلاة الجنازة أحيانًا، كما سمع عوف هذا الدعاء من النّبيّ صلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم. أنّ الدعاء ينفع الميت وأنّ نعيم القبر وعذابه حق. المرادُ بالإبدالِ في الأهلِ والزَّوجةِ إبدالُ الأوصافِ لا الذَّواتِ.
An explanation of the legislated place of supplication in the funeral prayer, which is its main purpose; according to the scholars there is no specific obligatory supplication in it, rather the one praying supplicates with whatever comes easily to him, though it is preferable to use the transmitted supplications for that. The funeral prayer is a communal obligation (fard kifayah). It is recommended to use this supplication in the funeral prayer. The permissibility of supplicating aloud at times in the funeral prayer, as Awf heard this supplication from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). That supplication benefits the deceased, and that the bliss and punishment of the grave are true. What is meant by the exchange regarding the family and spouse is an exchange of qualities, not of the persons themselves.