عَنْ واثِلةَ بنِ الأسْقَعِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ عَلى رجُلٍ مِنَ المُسْلِمينَ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يقولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ إنَّ فُلانَ بْنَ فُلانٍ في ذِمَّتِكَ وَحَبْلِ جِوَارِكَ، فَقِهِ فِتْنَةَ القَبْرِ وَعَذَابَ النَّارِ، وَأَنْتَ أَهْلُ الوَفاءِ والحَمْدِ، اللَّهُمَّ فاغفِرْ لهُ وَارْحَمْهُ، إنَّكَ أَنْتَ الغَفُورُ الرَّحيمُ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُودَ.
Wathilah ibn al-Asqa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer over a man from among the Muslims, and I heard him say: "O Allah, so-and-so son of so-and-so is in Your care and under the rope of Your protection, so guard him from the trial of the grave and the punishment of the Fire, for You are the One worthy of fulfillment and of praise. O Allah, forgive him and have mercy on him, for You are the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." Reported by Abu Dawud.
الشرح · explanation
في ذمتك: في ضمانك وعهدك وحفظك. حبل جوارك: من الإجارة والأمان والنصرة. فقِه فتنة القبر: نجِّه من عذاب القبر. أهل الوفاء والحمد: أهل العطاء والشكر.
"In Your care (dhimmah)": under Your guarantee, covenant, and protection. "The rope of Your protection (jiwar)": derived from safeguarding, security, and support. "Guard him from the trial of the grave": deliver him from the punishment of the grave. "Worthy of fulfillment and of praise": worthy of bestowing and of being thanked.
الدروس · lessons
حرص الرسول صلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم على اختيار الدعوات الجامعة لخير أصحابه وتعليمًا لأمّته، فيستحب الدعاء للميت بذلك. جواز تسمية الميت باسمه في الدعاء له. الدعاء للميت بما فيه السلامة من العذاب بعد الموت.
The keenness of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to choose comprehensive supplications for the good of his Companions and as a teaching for his nation; so it is recommended to supplicate for the deceased with them. The permissibility of naming the deceased by his name in the supplication for him. Supplicating for the deceased with that which brings safety from punishment after death.