عنْ عليٍّ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: كُنَّا في جِنَازَةٍ في بَقِيعِ الْغَرْقَدِ ، فَأَتَانَا رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ، فقَعَدَ، وقعدْنَا حَوْلَهُ، وَمَعَهُ مِخْصَرَةٌ، فَنَكَّسَ وَجَعَلَ يَنْكُتُ بِمِخْصَرتِهِ، ثُمَّ قالَ: «ما مِنكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إلَّا وَقَدْ كُتِبَ مَقْعَدُهُ مِنَ النَّارِ ومَقْعَدُهُ مِنَ الجنَّةِ» فقَالوا: يا رَسُولَ اللّهِ، أَفَلا نَتَّكِلُ على كِتابِنَا؟ فقالَ: «اعْمَلُوا، فَكُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَهُ» وذكَرَ تمامَ الحديثِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were at a funeral in Baqi al-Gharqad when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us. He sat down and we sat around him. He had a small staff with him. He lowered his head and began to scratch the ground with his staff, then he said: "There is not one of you but that his place in the Fire and his place in Paradise have already been written." They said: O Messenger of Allah, shall we not then rely upon what is written for us? He said: "Keep working, for everyone is eased toward that for which he was created." And he mentioned the rest of the hadith. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
بقيع الغرقد: مقبرة أهل المدينة وهي اليوم بجوار المسجد النبوي من الناحية الشرقية. الغرقد: نوع من الشجر البري يكثر فيه. مخصرة: عصاة معوجة الرأس. نكس: خفض رأسه إلى الأرض على هيئة المهموم. ينكت: يخط خطوطًا على الأرض مرارا. كُتب: سجل في اللوح المحفوظ. نتَّكل: نعتمد على ما هو مكتوب.
"Baqi al-Gharqad": the cemetery of the people of Madinah, which today lies beside the Prophet's Mosque on the eastern side. "Al-Gharqad": a kind of wild tree that grew there in abundance. "Mikhsarah (small staff)": a staff with a curved head. "He lowered his head (nakkasa)": he bent his head toward the ground in the manner of one deep in concern. "He scratched (yankut)": he drew lines on the ground repeatedly. "Has been written": recorded in the Preserved Tablet. "Shall we rely (nattakil)": depend upon what has been written.
الدروس · lessons
مشروعية الموعظة عند القبر لأنّه حينئذ تكون أنفع لأنّ رؤية الموت ترقق القلوب. الموعظة في القبر تُقيّد بما جاء في السنّة لئلا تُتخذ المقابر منابر. إثبات القدر خيره وشرّه ونفعه وضرّه. لا يصح أن يترك العمل اتكالًا على ما كتبه اللّهُ، بل الواجب أن يسعى الإنسان لكسب الخير. أنّ من أشكل عليه شيء فإنه يَسأل عنه أهل العلم كما فعل الصحابة في هذا الحديث مع النّبيّ صلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم.
The legislated place of admonition at the graveside, for it is then more beneficial, since the sight of death softens hearts. Admonition at the grave is to be restricted to what has come in the Sunnah, lest graveyards be turned into pulpits. Affirming the divine decree—its good and its evil, its benefit and its harm. It is not valid to abandon action in reliance upon what Allah has written; rather, it is obligatory for a person to strive to earn good. That whoever finds something unclear should ask the people of knowledge about it, as the Companions did in this hadith with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).