عَنْ أَبي سعيدٍ الخُدْريِّ رَضيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: بيْنَما نَحْنُ في سَفَرٍ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ على رَاحِلةٍ لهُ، فَجعَلَ يَصْرِفُ بَصَرَهُ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا، فقالَ رسولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ فَضْلُ ظَهْرٍ، فَلْيَعُدْ بِهِ على منْ لا ظَهْرَ لهُ، ومَنْ كانَ لهُ فَضْلُ زَادٍ، فَلْيَعُدْ بِهِ عَلى مَنْ لا زَادَ لهُ» فَذَكَرَ مِنْ أَصْنافِ المالِ ما ذَكَرَ، حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا أَنَّهُ لَا حقَّ لأحَدٍ مِنَّا في فضْلٍ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: While we were on a journey, a man came upon his mount and began casting his gaze right and left. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever has a spare mount, let him give it to one who has no mount; and whoever has spare provisions, let him give them to one who has no provisions." And he mentioned various kinds of wealth until we thought that none of us had any right to a surplus. Reported by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
يصرف بصره: يقلبه، ينظر من يتوسم فيه الإعانة. فضل ظهر: مركوب زائد عن حاجته، والظهر: الإبل التي تركب ويحمل عليها، ويلحق بها وسائل النقل المعاصرة. فليعد به: يقال: عاد فلان بمعروفه، وذلك إذا أحسن ثم زاد. فضل زاد: ما زاد من الطعام. أصناف المال: أنواع ما يتمول غير المركوب والطعام. حتّى رأينا: ظننّا. لا حقّ لأحد: لا استحقاق لأحد. فضل: شيء زائد على حاجته.
"Casting his gaze": turning it about, looking for someone in whom he detects the means to help. "A spare mount": a mount beyond his need; the "mount" is the camels that are ridden and loaded, and modern means of transport are attached to it in ruling. "Let him give it": it is said, "so-and-so gave of his kindness," that is, when he does good and then adds more. "Spare provisions": what is left over of food. "Kinds of wealth": types of what is possessed apart from the mount and food. "Until we thought": we supposed. "None has any right": no one has any entitlement. "Surplus": something beyond one's need.
الدروس · lessons
الحثّ على التعاون وتحقيق التكافل بين المسلمين وخاصة في الأزمات، ويصبح فرض كفاية على المسلمين عامة وعلى القادرين منهم خاصة. لا يقتصر التعاون على الطعام والشراب، بل هو عام وشامل يتناول جميع مرافق الحياة الضرورية.
Encouragement to cooperate and to realize mutual support among the Muslims, especially in times of crisis; it becomes a collective obligation upon the Muslims in general and upon the capable among them in particular. Cooperation is not confined to food and drink, but is general and comprehensive, encompassing all the necessities of life.