عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «لا يَحِلُّ لامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللّهِ وَاليَوْمِ الآخِرِ تُسَافِرُ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ إِلّا مَعَ ذِي مَحْرمٍ عَلَيْهَا» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not lawful for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel a distance of a day and a night except with a mahram." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
مسيرة يوم وليلة: أي مسافة تُقطع بالسير يومًا وليلة. مع ذي محرم: وهو من لا يحل له زواجها مطلقًا كأبيها وابنها وأخيها وابن أخيها وابن أختها ومن في حكمهم من الرضاع، وكذا زوج ابنتها المدخول بها، ومثل المَحرم الزوج في جواز السفر معه.
"A distance of a day and a night": that is, a distance covered by traveling for a day and a night. "With a mahram": he is one whom it is never lawful for her to marry, such as her father, her son, her brother, her brother's son, her sister's son, and those of like ruling through breastfeeding, as well as the husband of her daughter with whom the marriage has been consummated; and like the mahram is the husband regarding the permissibility of traveling with him.
الدروس · lessons
مراعاة الإسلام لضعف المرأة وحرصه على سلامتها من كل ما يخدش كمالها. أنّه يشترط للمرأة في السفر أن يكون لها رفيق من محارمها كــزوجها وأخيها. لا يجوز للمرأة السفر من غير محرم إلّا لضرورة كمن مرضت مرضًا خطيرًا ولا علاج له في بلدها وليس لديها محرم فإنها تسافر حتى لا تهلك.
Islam's consideration for the weakness of the woman and its concern for her safety from anything that might tarnish her honor. That it is a condition for the woman when traveling to have a companion from among her mahrams, such as her husband or her brother. It is not permissible for a woman to travel without a mahram except out of necessity, such as one who has fallen gravely ill with no cure in her town and has no mahram, for then she may travel so as not to perish.