عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بعَثَ مُعَاذًا رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ: «ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لا إِلَـٰهَ إِلّا اللّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللّهِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللّهَ افْتَرَضَ عَليْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لِذَلِك فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللّهَ افَتَرضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ، وَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Muadh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen and said: "Call them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah has made obligatory upon them five prayers in every day and night. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah has made obligatory upon them a charity (sadaqah) to be taken from their rich and given back to their poor." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
بعث معاذًا: هو الصحابي معاذ بن جبل رضي اللّهُ عنه. افترض: أي فرض.
"He sent Muadh": he is the Companion Muadh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him). "Made obligatory" (iftarada): that is, made it a duty.
الدروس · lessons
التدرج في الدعوة إلي الإسلام والتمسك بأركانه ركنّا بعد آخر حتى لا ينفر الناس من كثرتها لو اجتمعت، وأول ما يجب الاهتمام به في الدعوة التوحيد لأنّه أصل الدين ولا يصح أي شيء قبل الاعتراف بوحدانية اللّهِ تعالى. قوله (وترد على فقرائهم) اقتصر عليهم مع أن مستحقيها أصناف مذكورة في قوله تعالى: إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۖ فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ [التوبة: ٦٠] لمقابلة الفقراء بالأغنياء ولأنّ الفقراء هم الأغلب، والإضافة تقتضي منع صرف الزكاة لكافر. بيان فرضية الزكاة، وأن ذلك لا يكون من نفائس الأموال.
Proceeding gradually in calling to Islam and holding to its pillars one after another, so that people are not repelled by their number were they presented all at once; the first thing to attend to in daʿwah is tawhid (the oneness of God), for it is the foundation of the religion and nothing is valid before affirming the oneness of Allah the Exalted. His words "and given back to their poor": he limited it to them even though its rightful recipients are the categories mentioned in Allah the Exalted's words: "Zakat expenditures are only for the poor and the needy, and those employed to collect it, and for bringing hearts together, and to free captives, and for those in debt, and for the cause of Allah, and for the stranded traveler, an obligation from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise" [Surah al-Tawbah: 60]. He mentioned the poor to contrast them with the rich, and because the poor are the majority; and the possessive construction (their poor) indicates that zakat may not be given to a disbeliever. A statement of the obligation of zakat, and that it is not to be taken from the most precious of one's wealth.