عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ، وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ: كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولوُا: لا إلَـٰهَ إِلّا اللّهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَهَا فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلّا بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللّهِ»؟! فَقَالَ: وَاللّهِ، لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ، وَاللّهِ، لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَوَاللّهِ، مَا هُوَ إِلّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللّه قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) died and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had succeeded him as caliph, and some of the Arabs disbelieved, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they say: There is no god but Allah; whoever says it has protected from me his wealth and his life, except by its right, and his reckoning is with Allah"? Abu Bakr said: By Allah, I will surely fight whoever separates prayer from zakat, for zakat is the due of wealth. By Allah, if they withheld from me a hobbling-cord (ʿiqal) that they used to pay to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I would fight them for withholding it. Umar said: By Allah, it was only that I saw that Allah had opened Abu Bakr's breast to the fighting, and I knew that it was the truth. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
فرّق بين الصلاة والزكاة: أي أنكر وجوب إحداهما أو امتنع عن فعل إحداهما. عقالا: الحبل الذي يعقل به البعير.
"Separates prayer from zakat": that is, denies the obligation of one of them or refuses to perform one of them. "A hobbling-cord" (ʿiqal): the rope with which a camel is tethered.
الدروس · lessons
عزيمة أبي بكر رضي اللّهُ عنه الصادقة في قتال المرتدين وفقهه العظيم في حرب من فرق بين الصلاة والزكاة. قتال مانع الزكاة وكفر جاحدها لأنّها معلومة من الدين بالضرورة. أول عمل يطالب به المؤمن الصلاة وهي عبادة البدن ثم الزكاة وهي عبادة مالية. الاجتهاد في النوازل والمناظرة والرجوع إلى الحق. الإسلام كلّ لا يتجزأ وعبادته المتكاملة تحقق الشخصية الإسلامية المطلوبة.
Abu Bakr's (may Allah be pleased with him) sincere resolve in fighting the apostates, and his great understanding regarding war against those who separated prayer from zakat. Fighting the one who withholds zakat, and the disbelief of the one who denies it, since it is known to be part of the religion by necessity. The first act the believer is required to perform is prayer, which is bodily worship, then zakat, which is financial worship. Exercising independent reasoning (ijtihad) in newly arising matters, engaging in debate, and returning to the truth. Islam is an indivisible whole, and its integrated worship realizes the desired Islamic character.