عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا أقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ مِنْ هَاهُنَا، وَأدْبَرَ النَّهَارُ مِنْ هَاهُنَا، وَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When night approaches from here, and day retreats from there, and the sun has set, then the fasting person has broken his fast." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
أقبل من هاهنا: أي من جهة المشرق. وأدبر النهار من هاهنا: أي من جهة المغرب. غربت الشمس: غاب جميع قرصها. فقد أفطر الصائم: أي حان وقت إفطاره حكمًا، وقيل: صار مفطرًا شرعًا وإن لم يتناول شيئًا لانتهاء وقت الصوم.
"Approaches from here": that is, from the direction of the east. "And the day retreats from there": that is, from the direction of the west. "The sun has set": its entire disc has disappeared. "Then the fasting person has broken his fast": that is, the time for breaking his fast has come by ruling; and it is said: he has become one who has broken the fast in the eyes of the law even if he has not consumed anything, because the time of fasting has ended.
الدروس · lessons
تحديد وقت الإفطار الشرعي. أنّ العبادات في الإسلام مقيدة بأزمنة محدودة ومخصوصة، فلا تصلح إلّا في مواقيتها الزمنية المعلومة. أنّ يكون المسلم دائم اليقظة والصلة باللّه تعالى مع تنظيم شؤون حياته والاستفادة من الوقت وأن لا يكون مهملا للواجبات، مسترسلًا في الفوضى وعدم الاكتراث بالوقت.
Establishing the legally prescribed time for breaking the fast. Acts of worship in Islam are bound to defined and specific times, and are valid only within their known appointed times. The Muslim should be ever vigilant and connected to Allah the Exalted, while organizing the affairs of his life and making good use of time, neither neglecting his obligations nor giving himself over to disorder and heedlessness of time.