عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَبْدِ اللّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: سِرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، فَلَمَّا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَالَ لِبَعْضِ الْقَوْمِ: «يَا فُلانُ انْزِلْ فَاجْدَحْ لَنَا» فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللّهِ لَوْ أَمْسَيْتَ؟ قَالَ: «انْزِلْ فَاجْدَحْ لَنَا» قَالَ: إِنَّ عَلَيْكَ نَهَارًا، قَالَ: «انْزِلْ فَاجْدَحْ لَنَا» قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ فَجَدَحَ لَهُمْ، فَشَرِبَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ اللَّيْلَ قَدْ أقْبَلَ مِنْ هَهُنَا فَقَدْ أفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ» وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Ibrahim Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported: We were traveling with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was fasting. When the sun set, he said to one of the people: "O so-and-so, dismount and mix a drink for us." The man said: "O Messenger of Allah, if only you would wait until evening?" He said: "Dismount and mix a drink for us." The man said: "It is still daytime." He said: "Dismount and mix a drink for us." So he dismounted and mixed a drink for them, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) drank. Then he said: "When you see that night has approached from here, then the fasting person has broken his fast," and he pointed with his hand toward the east. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
يا فلان: ورد في بعض الروايات يا بلال. اجْدَحْ: أَي اخْلِطِ السَّوِيقَ بِالْمَاءِ. السويق: هو قمح أو شعير يغلى ثم يطحن ويمزج تارة بماء وتارة بسمن وتارة بسمن وعسل.
"O so-and-so": in some narrations it is "O Bilal." "Mix a drink (ijdah)": that is, mix the sawiq with water. "Sawiq": it is wheat or barley that is boiled, then ground, and mixed sometimes with water, sometimes with clarified butter (ghee), and sometimes with clarified butter and honey.
الدروس · lessons
استحباب المبادرة إلى الإفطار عند دخول أول الوقت. التأكيد على الأمر بالشيء أسلوب نبوي جميل لتعليم الناس. بيان أن الأحكام الشرعية توقيفية في شروطها وصفاتها وأوقاتها، وأنّها أبلغ من الحس، وفوق الرأي والعقل.
It is recommended to hasten to break the fast as soon as its time enters. Emphatically repeating a command is a fine Prophetic method for teaching people. A clarification that the rulings of the Sharia are fixed by revelation (tawqifi) in their conditions, attributes, and times, and that they are more decisive than sense-perception and above [mere] opinion and reason.