عَنْ مُجِيبَةَ البَاهِلِيَّةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا أَوْ عَمِّهَا: أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ، فَأَتَاهُ بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ وَقَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ حَالُهُ وَهَيْئَتُهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللّهِ، أَمَا تَعْرِفُنِي؟ قَالَ: «وَمَنْ أَنْتَ؟» قَالَ: أَنَا الْبَاهِلِيُّ الَّذِي جِئْتُك عَامَ الأَوَّلِ، قَالَ: «فَمَا غَيَّرَكَ وَقَدْ كُنْتَ حَسَنَ الْهَيْئَةِ؟» قَالَ: مَا أَكلْتُ طَعَامًا مُنْذُ فَارَقْتُكَ إلَّا بلَيْلٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «عَذَّبْتَ نَفسَكَ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «صُمْ شَهْرَ الصَّبْرِ، وَيَوْمًا مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ» قَالَ: زِدْنِـي، فَإِنَّ بِي قوَّةً، قَالَ: «صُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ» قَالَ: زِدْنِي، قَالَ: «صُمْ ثلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ» قَالَ: زِدْني. قَالَ: «صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ، صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ، صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ» وَقَالَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ الثَّلاثِ فَضَمَّهَا، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَهَا. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُودَ.
Mujibah al-Bahiliyyah reported from her father — or her uncle — that he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and then departed. He came to him again a year later, when his condition and appearance had changed, and said: "O Messenger of Allah, do you not recognize me?" He said: "And who are you?" He said: "I am the Bahili who came to you last year." He said: "What has changed you, when you were of goodly appearance?" He said: "I have not eaten any food since I left you except at night." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have punished yourself." Then he said: "Fast the month of patience, and one day of each month." He said: "Give me more, for I have strength." He said: "Fast two days." He said: "Give me more." He said: "Fast three days." He said: "Give me more." He said: "Fast some of the sacred months and leave [some]; fast some of the sacred months and leave [some]; fast some of the sacred months and leave [some]," and he gestured with his three fingers, closing them and then releasing them. Reported by Abu Dawud.
الشرح · explanation
شَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ: رَمَضَانُ.
"The month of patience": Ramadan.
الدروس · lessons
أنّ صوم النفل مستحب لأنّه طاعة يحبها اللّه ورسوله ولا سيما في الأشهر الحرم. يكره صوم الدهر غير يومي العيد وأيام التشريق لمن خاف ضررًا أو فوت حقٍّ واجبٍ أو مستحبٍّ لما رواه البخاري ومسلم: "لا صام من صام الدهر". أنّ الاسلام يعطي كل ذي حقّ حقّه فهنا وجد النّبيّ صَلَّى اللّهُ عليه وَسَلَّمَ الرجل وقد أثّر عليه الصيام فنهاه عن فعله ذلك وأمره أن يخفّف على نفسه في الصيام.
Voluntary fasting is recommended, for it is an act of obedience beloved to Allah and His Messenger, especially in the sacred months. Fasting perpetually throughout the year — apart from the two days of Eid and the days of Tashriq — is disliked for one who fears harm or the neglect of an obligatory or recommended right, based on what al-Bukhari and Muslim reported: "He has not fasted who fasts perpetually." Islam gives every holder of a right his due; here the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) found that fasting had taken its toll on the man, so he forbade him from that practice and commanded him to go easier on himself in fasting.