عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: انْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَتَّى سَبَقُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، وَجَاءَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لاَ يَقْدَمَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا دُونَهُ» فَدَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «قُومُوا إِلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّماوَاتُ وَالْأرْضُ» قَالَ: يَقُولُ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ الْحُمَامِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللّهِ، جَنَّةٌ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأرْضُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَا يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى قَوْلِكَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ؟» قَالَ: لَا وَاللّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللّهِ إلَّا رَجَاءَ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أهْلِهَا، قَالَ: «فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا» فَأَخْرَجَ تَمَرَاتٍ مِنْ قَرَنِهِ، فَجَعَلَ يَأكُلُ مِنْهُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَئِنْ أَنَا حَيِيتُ حَتَّى آكُلَ تَمَرَاتِي هَذِهِ إِنَّهَا لَحَياةٌ طَوِيلَةٌ! فَرَمَى بِمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ، ثُمَّ قَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions set out and reached Badr before the polytheists. The polytheists came, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let none of you advance to anything until I am in front of him." The polytheists drew near, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Rise to a Paradise as wide as the heavens and the earth." Umayr ibn al-Humam al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, a Paradise as wide as the heavens and the earth?" He said: "Yes." He said: "Bakh, bakh!" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What moves you to say: 'Bakh, bakh'?" He said: "Nothing, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, except the hope that I may be among its people." He said: "Indeed, you are among its people." He then took some dates out of his quiver and began to eat them, then said: "If I were to live until I eat these dates of mine, it would be a long life indeed!" So he threw away the dates he had, then fought them until he was killed. Reported by Muslim.
الشرح · explanation
لا يقدمن أحد منكم إلى شيء: هذا نهي عن عمل أي شيء قبل أن يأذن رسول اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عليه وَسَلَّمَ ويأمر به حرصًا على المصلحة العامة. حتى أكون دونه: حتى أكون أنا قبله وأقرب منه إليه. قُومُوا إلى جَنَّةٍ: أي إلى عمَلٍ هو سببُ دُخولِها. فَدنَا المشركونَ: اقْتَرَبُوا مِن صفوفِ المسلمينَ. بخ بخ: كلمة تدل على المدح والرضا بالشيء وتُكَرَّر للمبالغة في تفخيمه. قَرَن: هُوَ جُعْبَةُ النَّشَّابِ.
"Let none of you advance to anything": this is a prohibition against doing anything before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permits and commands it, out of concern for the general welfare. "until I am in front of him": until I am before him and nearer to it than he is. "Rise to a Paradise": that is, to a deed that is the means of entering it. "The polytheists drew near": they approached the ranks of the Muslims. "Bakh, bakh": a word indicating praise and satisfaction with something, repeated for emphasis in extolling it. "Qaran (quiver)": it is the case for arrows.
الدروس · lessons
الترغيب في الجهاد واستثارة همم المقاتلين بذكر أوصاف الجنة. بيان ما يفعله الإيمان في عزائم المؤمنين من حبّ التضحية والإقدام على الشهادة واستعجال الموت حبًا في الأجر والثواب. بيان أهمية دور القائد في الحرب ووجوب طاعته وتنفيذ أوامره واتباع توجيهاته.
Encouraging jihad and rousing the resolve of the fighters by mentioning the descriptions of Paradise. Showing what faith does to the resolve of the believers, of the love of sacrifice, advancing toward martyrdom, and hastening toward death out of love for the reward and recompense. Showing the importance of the commander's role in war, the obligation to obey him, carry out his orders, and follow his directions.