عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: غَابَ عَمِّي أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ قِتَالِ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللّهِ، غِبْتُ عَنْ أوَّلِ قِتَالٍ قَاتَلْتَ المُشْرِكِينَ، لَئِنِ اللّهُ أشْهَدَنِي قِتَالَ المُشْرِكِينَ لَيَرَيَنَّ اللّهُ مَا أَصْنَعُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَومُ أُحُدٍ انْكَشَفَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ أَعْتَذِرُ إلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هؤُلاءِ -يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَهُ- وَأَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلاءِ -يَعْنِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ- ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ فَقَالَ: يَا سَعْدُ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، الْجَنَّةَ وَرَبِّ النَّضْرِ، إِنِّي أَجِدُ رِيحَهَا مِنْ دُونِ أُحُدٍ، قَالَ سَعْدٌ: فَمَا اسْتَطَعْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللّهِ مَا صَنَعَ، قَالَ أنسٌ: فَوَجَدْنَا بِهِ بِضْعًا وَثَمَانِينَ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّيْفِ، أَوْ طَعْنَةً بِرُمْحٍ، أَوْ رَمْيةً بِسَهْمٍ، وَوَجَدْنَاهُ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَمَثَّلَ بِهِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَمَا عَرَفَهُ أَحَدٌ إلَّا أُخْتُهُ بِبَنَانِهِ، قَالَ أَنَسٌ: كُنَّا نُرَى -أَوْ نَظُنُّ- أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلتْ فِيهِ وَفِي أَشْبَاهِهِ: مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللّهَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَى آخِرِهَا. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: My uncle Anas ibn al-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him) was absent from the battle of Badr. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, I was absent from the first battle you fought against the polytheists. If Allah lets me witness a battle against the polytheists, Allah will surely see what I do." When the day of Uhud came and the Muslims fell back, he said: "O Allah, I apologize to You for what these did" — meaning his companions — "and I disavow to You what these did" — meaning the polytheists. Then he advanced, and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh met him. He said: "O Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, Paradise! By the Lord of al-Nadr, I smell its fragrance from beyond Uhud." Sa'd said: "I could not do, O Messenger of Allah, what he did." Anas said: We found on him some eighty-odd blows — a sword strike, a spear thrust, or an arrow shot. We found that he had been killed and that the polytheists had mutilated him, so that no one recognized him except his sister, by his fingertips. Anas said: We used to think — or hold — that this verse was revealed concerning him and those like him: "Among the believers are men who were true to what they pledged to Allah," to its end. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
انكشف المسلمون: تركوا أماكنهم وانهزموا. أعتذر إليك مما صنع هؤلاء يعني أصحابه: أي من الفرار. أبرأ إليك مما صنع هؤلاء يعني المشركين: أي من قتال الرسول صَلَّى اللّهُ عليه وَسَلَّم. ...من دون أُحد: أي من مكان أقرب منه، وهذا كناية عن استحضار الجنّة والشعور بقربها من الشهيد، أو أنّه وجد ريحها حقيقة. مثل به المشركون: شوهوا وجهه.
"the Muslims fell back": they left their positions and were routed. "I apologize to You for what these did, meaning his companions": that is, for the fleeing. "I disavow to You what these did, meaning the polytheists": that is, from their fighting the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). "...from beyond Uhud": that is, from a place nearer than it; this is a metaphor for the vivid presence of Paradise and the martyr's sense of its nearness, or that he actually smelled its fragrance. "the polytheists mutilated him": they disfigured his face.
الدروس · lessons
الشهيد يبشر بالجنة عند موته. أنّ من صدق وعد اللّه صدق اللّه وعده له. محبة الصحابة للجهاد لما علموا فيه من الأجر العظيم، وحرصهم على عدم تفويت ذلك. بيان أهمية الإخلاص للّه والتوكّل عليه في قبول العمل حيث أرجع الأمر كله إلى الله.
The martyr is given glad tidings of Paradise at his death. That whoever is true to Allah's promise, Allah is true to His promise to him. The Companions' love of jihad, for they knew of the great reward in it, and their eagerness not to miss it. Showing the importance of sincerity to Allah and reliance upon Him in the acceptance of deeds, for he referred the whole matter back to Allah.