عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الشُّهَدَاءُ خَمْسَةٌ: المَطْعُونُ، وَالْمَبْطُونُ، والْغَرِيقُ، وَصَاحِبُ الْهَدْمِ وَالشَّهِيدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The martyrs are five: the one who dies of plague, the one who dies of an abdominal illness, the one who drowns, the one who dies under a collapsing structure, and the one martyred in the path of Allah." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
الشهداء: جمع شهيد وهو من مات من المسلمين في سبيل اللّهِ دون غرض من الدنيا. المطعون: الذي أصابه مرض الطاعون الساري ومات به. المبطون: الذي مات بمرض البطن. صاحب الهدم: الذي مات تحت الهدم والأنقاض.
"the martyrs" (al-shuhada): the plural of shahid, who is the one among the Muslims who dies in the path of Allah without any worldly aim. "the one who dies of plague" (al-mat'un): the one struck by the contagious disease of plague and who dies of it. "the one who dies of an abdominal illness" (al-mabtun): the one who dies of a disease of the belly. "the one under a collapse" (sahib al-hadm): the one who dies beneath a collapse and its rubble.
الدروس · lessons
أنّ هذه الأصناف الأربعة من الناس الذين ماتوا بتلك الأسباب لهم عند اللّهِ في الآخرة منازل الشهداء -إذا كانوا من المسلمين- تفضُّلًا من اللّهِ تعالى على ما ابتلاهم به فصبروا.
That these four categories of people who died by those causes have with Allah in the Hereafter the ranks of the martyrs—if they were Muslims—as a favor from Allah the Exalted for what He tested them with and for their patience.