عَنْ أَبِي الْأَعْوَرِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ -أَحَدِ الْعَشَرَةِ الْمَشْهُودِ لَهُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ- قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ دَمِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ دِينِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ، وَمَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ أَهْلِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُودَ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وقَالَ: حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.
Abu al-A'war Sa'id ibn Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl—one of the ten given the glad tidings of Paradise (may Allah be pleased with them)—reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever is killed defending his property is a martyr, whoever is killed defending his life is a martyr, whoever is killed defending his religion is a martyr, and whoever is killed defending his family is a martyr." Reported by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi, who said: a hasan sahih hadith.
الشرح · explanation
ومَن قتل دونَ دَمِه: أي: دِفاعًا وحفاظًا على نَفسِه ممَّن يُريدُ أن يَعتدِيَ عليه. ومَن قتل دونَ أهلِه: أي: دفاعًا ورَدًّا لمَن أراد أن يَعتدِيَ على زَوجتِه وأقاربِه.
"And whoever is killed defending his life": that is, in defense and protection of himself against one who seeks to assault him. "And whoever is killed defending his family": that is, in defense of, and repelling, one who sought to assault his wife and relatives.
الدروس · lessons
جواز الدفاع عن هذه الحقوق التي ذكرت، وأنّ من قتل مظلومًا وهو يدافع عنها أو عن أحدها فإنّ له عند اللّهِ في الآخرة منازل الشهداء في الفضل والأجر. قدّم ذكر المال، لأنّ الطمع فيه أكثر، وحتى لا يظنّ أنّ التفريط فيه مطلوب أو الاعتداء عليه مباح.
The permissibility of defending these rights that were mentioned, and that whoever is killed wrongfully while defending them, or any one of them, has with Allah in the Hereafter the ranks of the martyrs in merit and reward. Property was mentioned first because greed for it is greater, and so that no one should imagine that relinquishing it is called for or that encroaching upon it is permissible.