عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لِلْعَبْدِ الْمَمْلُوكِ الْمُصْلِحِ أَجْرَانِ»، وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِيَدِهِ، لَوْلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ، والْحَجُّ، وَبِرُّ أُمِّي لأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَمُوتَ وَأَنَا مَمْلُوكٌ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "For the righteous owned slave there are two rewards." By Him in whose hand is the soul of Abu Hurayrah, were it not for jihad in the way of Allah, the Hajj, and dutifulness to my mother, I would have loved to die while I was a slave. Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
المصلح: المحسن في عبادة ربه، القائم بنصح سيده وطاعته بالمعروف، الساعي في الخير والصلاح. لولا الجهاد: أي لولا فضل القيام بهذه الأعمال وأن الرق يمنع منها لأنّ الرقيق محبوس لخدمة سيده. وأنا مملوك: أي لأنال الأجر مضاعفًا.
"The righteous one (al-muslih)": the one who excels in worshipping his Lord, upholds sincere counsel and obedience to his master in what is right, and strives in good and righteousness. "Were it not for jihad": that is, were it not for the merit of performing these deeds—and that bondage prevents them, since the slave is confined to the service of his master. "While I was a slave": that is, so that I might attain the reward doubled.
الدروس · lessons
بيان فضل المملوك الذي يؤدي حقَّ اللّهِ وحقَّ مواليهِ. تواضع أبي هريرة وحرصه على تحصيل الأجر، لذلك تمنى أن يكون مملوكًا لما علم من كبير الأجر للمماليك مع قلة التكليف. بيان فضل اللّهِ ورحمته وعدله بأن جعل للمملوك مضاعفة الأجر بما وجب عليه من طاعته لربه وإخلاصه لسيده لَمَّا حرمه رِقُّه من أفضل الأعمال في الإسلام كالجهاد والحج وحق التصرف في المال والوقت وبذلهم في سبيل اللّهِ.
An exposition of the merit of the slave who fulfills the right of Allah and the right of his masters. The humility of Abu Hurayrah and his eagerness to attain reward; hence he wished to be a slave, given what he knew of the great reward for slaves along with their lighter obligations. An exposition of Allah's grace, mercy, and justice in granting the slave a doubled reward for the obedience owed to his Lord and his sincerity to his master, since his bondage deprived him of the best deeds in Islam such as jihad, Hajj, and the freedom to dispose of wealth and time and to expend them in the way of Allah.