عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «ثَلاَثَةٌ لَهُمْ أَجْرَانِ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمَنَ بِنَبِيِّهِ وَآمَنَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَالْعَبْدُ الْمَمْلُوكُ إِذَا أَدَّى حَقَّ اللّهِ وَحَقَّ مَوَالِيهِ، وَرَجُلٌ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ فَأَدَّبَهَا فَأحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا، وَعلَّمَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَعْلِيمَهَا، ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Three have two rewards: a man from the People of the Book who believed in his prophet and then believed in Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); the owned slave when he fulfills the right of Allah and the right of his masters; and a man who had a slave-girl whom he disciplined and disciplined well, and taught and taught well, then freed her and married her—he has two rewards." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
أهل الكتاب: اليهود والنصارى. مواليه: جمع مولى وهو المالك للعبد. أمة: امرأة مملوكة. فأدبها: رباها على الأخلاق الإسلامية. علمها: أي ما تحتاج إليه في حياتها دنياها وأخراها. فتزوجها: أي بالشروط المشروعة ومنها إعطاء المهر.
"The People of the Book": the Jews and the Christians. "His masters (mawali)": the plural of mawla, being the owner of the slave. "A slave-girl (ama)": an owned woman. "He disciplined her": he raised her upon Islamic morals. "He taught her": that is, what she needs in her life, both her worldly life and her Hereafter. "Then he married her": that is, according to the legislated conditions, among them giving the dowry.
الدروس · lessons
مواساة الضعفاء كالعبيد ومَن في معناهم وتطييب خاطرهم وحثّهم على الصبر على ما امتحنوا به وأن يحتسبوا ذلك عند ربهم تبارك وتعالى. حثّ المسلمين على العناية بمن في أيديهم من المماليك وإحسان تربيتهم وتعليمهم ما ينفعهم ثم تحريرهم والتزوج بهم وخاصة النساء منهم أو تزويجهن بالكفء. حثّ أهل الكتاب على الدخول في الإسلام ليكون لهم فضل الإيمان بنبيهم وفضل الإيمان برسالة محمد صَلَّى اللّهُ عليه وَسَلَّمَ فيكون أجرهم مضاعفًا، لإيمانهم بنبيّهم وتصديقه واتباعه على الحقّ الذي جاء به نبيّهم من الإقرار بوحدانية اللّهِ سبحانه وأنّه عبد اللّهِ ورسوله، ثم كمَّلوا دينهم بالإيمان بخاتم النبيّين محمد صَلَّى اللّهُ عليه وَسَلَّمَ واتباع شريعته
Showing fellowship to the weak, such as slaves and those in their like, gladdening their hearts, urging them to be patient with what they are tested by, and to seek its reward with their Lord (Blessed and Exalted is He). Urging Muslims to care for the slaves under their authority, to raise them well, to teach them what benefits them, then to free them and marry them—especially the women among them—or to marry them off to a suitable match. Urging the People of the Book to enter Islam so that they may have the merit of faith in their prophet and the merit of faith in the message of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), so their reward is doubled—for their faith in their prophet, their affirmation of him, and their following him upon the truth that their prophet brought, namely the acknowledgment of Allah's oneness (Glorified is He) and that their prophet was Allah's servant and messenger; then they perfected their religion by faith in the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and following his law.