عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَبْتَغِي فِيهِ عِلْمًا سَهَّلَ اللّهُ لَهُ طَرِيقًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ لَتَضَعُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ رِضًا بِمَا يَصْنَعُ، وَإِنَّ الْعَالِمَ لَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي الْسَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى الْحِيتَانُ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَفَضْلُ الْعَالِمِ عَلَى الْعَابِدِ كَفَضْلِ الْقَمَرِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْكَوَاكِبِ، وَإنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِياءِ، وَإِنَّ الْأَنْبِياءَ لَمْ يُوَرِّثُوا دِينَارًا وَلا دِرْهَمًا، وَإِنَّمَا وَرَّثُوا الْعِلْمَ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَهُ، أَخَذَ بِحظٍّ وَافِرٍ» رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُودَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ.
Abu al-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever travels a path seeking knowledge therein, Allah will make easy for him thereby a path to Paradise. Indeed the angels lower their wings for the seeker of knowledge, in approval of what he does. Indeed the scholar—those in the heavens and those on the earth, even the fish in the water, seek forgiveness for him. The superiority of the scholar over the worshipper is like the superiority of the moon over the rest of the stars. Indeed the scholars are the heirs of the prophets; the prophets bequeathed neither dinar nor dirham, but rather they bequeathed knowledge, so whoever takes it has taken an abundant share." Reported by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.
الشرح · explanation
تضع أجنحتها: أي تواضعا وتوقيرا، وقيل: المراد أنّها تكفّ أجنحتها عن الطيران وتنزل لتحضر مجالس العلم. ليستغفر له: الاستغفار من كلٍّ على حسبه، واللّه تعالى يعلم لغة الجميع. فضل العالم: أي من حيث عموم نفعه لغيره. كفضل القمر: من حيث عموم ضيائه لغيره. ورثة الأنبياء: خلفاء عنهم في العلم والعمل وهداية الناس. بحظ: بنصيب. وافر: تام وكامل.
"Lower their wings": that is, out of humility and reverence; and it is said: what is meant is that they hold back their wings from flying and descend to attend the gatherings of knowledge. "Seek forgiveness for him": each seeks forgiveness in its own manner, and Allah the Exalted knows the language of all. "The superiority of the scholar": that is, in terms of the generality of his benefit to others. "Like the superiority of the moon": in terms of the generality of its light to others. "The heirs of the prophets": their successors in knowledge, action, and guiding people. "A share" (bi-hazz): a portion. "Abundant" (wafir): complete and full.
الدروس · lessons
الحثّ على توقير طلاب العلم، والتواضع لهم، والرضا عن صنيعهم، والدعاء والاستغفار لهم. فضل العلم، لما يشعه من نور يضيء للناس طرق الخير والحقّ. العلم أعظم ثروة وأشرفها، ينبغي لمن حازها أن يحترمها ويكرمها. كمال العلم بالعمل والاقتداء برسول اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عليه وسلّم في الخلق والسلوك. إهانة العلماء وإيذاؤهم فسوق وضلال، لأنّهم حملة ميراث النبوة.
Encouragement to honor seekers of knowledge, to be humble toward them, to be pleased with what they do, and to supplicate and seek forgiveness for them. The merit of knowledge, for the light it radiates that illuminates for people the paths of good and truth. Knowledge is the greatest and noblest wealth; whoever attains it ought to respect and honor it. The perfection of knowledge is through acting upon it and following the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in character and conduct. Humiliating and harming scholars is transgression and misguidance, because they are the bearers of the inheritance of prophethood.