عَنْ أَبِي هُريَرةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «تَعَوَّذُوا بِاللّهِ مِنْ جَهْدِ الْبَلاءِ، وَدَرْكِ الشَّقَاءِ، وَسُوءِ الْقَضَاءِ، وَشَمَاتَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: أَشُكُّ أَنِّي زِدْتُ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهَا.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Seek refuge in Allah from the hardship of affliction, from being overtaken by wretchedness, from an evil decree, and from the gloating of enemies." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim). In another narration, Sufyan said: I am not sure whether I added one of them myself.
الشرح · explanation
جهد البلاء: كل ما أصاب الإنسان من شدة المشقة، وروي عن ابن عمر رضي اللّه عنهما أنّه: قلة المال وكثرة العيال. درك الشقاء: أي الشدة والعسر، ويطلق على الهلاك. شماتة الأعداء: الشماتة هي الفرح بحزن العدو. سوء القضاء: يدخل فيه سوء القضاء في الدِّين والدنيا والبدن والمال والأهل، وقد يكون ذلك في الخاتمة.
"The hardship of affliction": everything that befalls a person of severe hardship; it is also related from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that it is scarcity of wealth together with a large family to provide for. "Being overtaken by wretchedness": that is, hardship and difficulty; it is also applied to destruction. "The gloating of enemies": gloating is rejoicing at the misfortune of an enemy. "An evil decree": this includes an evil decree in one's religion, worldly life, body, wealth, and family, and it may occur at the very end of one's life.
الدروس · lessons
استحباب هذا الدعاء، لأنّه دعاء جامع يدفع وقوع المكروه في الحياة الدنيا والآخرة.
The recommendation of this supplication, for it is a comprehensive supplication that repels the occurrence of harm in this worldly life and the Hereafter.