عن أبي زيْدٍ ثابتِ بنِ الضَّحاكِ الأنصاريِّ رضي اللَّه عنهُ، وهو من أهْل بيْعةِ الرِّضوانِ قال: قَالَ رسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «من حَلَف عَلى يمِينٍ بِملَّةٍ غيْرِ الإسْلامِ كاذبًا مُتَعَمِّدًا، فهُو كما قَالَ، ومنْ قَتَل نَفسهُ بشيءٍ، عُذِّب بِهِ يوْم القِيامةِ، وَليْس على رجُلٍ نَذْرٌ فِيما لا يَملِكهُ، ولعنُ المُؤْمِنِ كَقَتْلِهِ» متفقٌ عليه.
Abu Zayd Thabit ibn al-Dahhak al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him)—who was among the people of the Pledge of Ridwan—reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever swears an oath by a religion other than Islam, lying deliberately, is as he said. Whoever kills himself with something will be punished with it on the Day of Resurrection. There is no vow upon a person concerning what he does not possess. And cursing a believer is like killing him." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
لعنُ المُؤْمِنِ كَقَتْلِهِ: أي كَقَتْلِه في التَّحريمِ، أو في العِقاب. كما قال: أي: فَهوَ كائِنٌ كَما قالَ، مِثلَ أنْ يَقولَ: هوَ يَهودِيٌّ أو نَصرانِيٌّ إن كانَ فَعَلَ كَذا.
"cursing a believer is like killing him": that is, like killing him in [degree of] prohibition, or in punishment. "is as he said": that is, it becomes as he said—as when a person says, "He is a Jew" or "a Christian" if he did such-and-such.
الدروس · lessons
أنّ لعن المؤمن من الكبائر. من لعن مؤمِنا فهو كقَتْلِه في التَّحريمِ، أو في العِقابِ، أو في الإبْعادِ، لأنَّ اللَّعنَ إبْعادٌ عن رحمة اللَّه، والقتل إبعاد عن الحياة.
Cursing a believer is among the major sins. Whoever curses a believer is like one who kills him—in [degree of] prohibition, in punishment, or in driving away—because cursing is a driving away from the mercy of Allah, and killing is a driving away from life.