عن عائِشةَ رضي اللَّه عنها قالتْ: قال رسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «لا تَسُبُّوا الأمواتَ، فَإنَّهُمْ قد أفْضَوْا إلى ما قَدَّموا» رواه البخاري.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not revile the dead, for they have gone on to what they sent forth." Reported by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
أفضوا: أي وصلوا. ما قدموا: أي ما عملوا من خير أو شر.
"gone on" (afdaw): that is, they have arrived. "what they sent forth": that is, what they did of good or evil.
الدروس · lessons
النهي عن سبّ أموات المسلمين، أما أموات الكفار فيجوز سبهم عمومًا، وأما المعين منهم فلا يجوز سبّه، لاحتمال أنّه مات مسلمًا، إلّا أن يكون ممّن نصّ الشارع على موته كافرًا كأبي لهب وأبي جهل.
The prohibition of reviling the deceased Muslims. As for the deceased disbelievers, reviling them in general is permissible; but a specific one of them may not be reviled, because of the possibility that he died a Muslim, unless he is among those whose death as a disbeliever the Lawgiver has affirmed, such as Abu Lahab and Abu Jahl.