عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «قَالَ اللّهُ تَعَالَى: ثَلاثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ: رَجُلٌ أَعْطَى بِي ثُمَّ غَدَرَ، وَرَجُلٌ بَاعَ حُرًّا فَأَكَلَ ثَمَنَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ اسْتَأجَرَ أَجِيرًا فَاسْتَوْفَى مِنْهُ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ أجْرَهُ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah the Exalted said: Three (types of people) I will be their adversary on the Day of Resurrection: a man who gives (his word) by Me then acts treacherously; a man who sells a free person and consumes his price; and a man who hires a worker, takes full service from him, and does not give him his wage." Reported by al-Bukhari.
الشرح · explanation
ثلاثة: أي ثلاثة أصناف من المكلفين. خصمهم: الخصم المنازع والمغالب. أعطى بي: أي أعطى أخاه العهد حال كونه متلبسًا باسمي. ثم غدر: أي نقض العهد ولم يف به ذاكرًا مختارًا.
"Three": that is, three categories of the accountable. "their adversary": the adversary is the disputant and opponent. "gives by Me": that is, he gives his brother a covenant while invoking My name. "then acts treacherously": that is, he breaks the covenant and does not fulfill it, willfully and by choice.
الدروس · lessons
الحثّ على الوفاء بالعقود، ومنع بيع الحر، وإعطاء الأجير أجره. التحذير لهؤلاء الثلاثة وإنذارهم بالعذاب الشديد. حرمة الغدر بعباد اللّه وهتك حرمة اسم اللّه تعالى. حرمة الاستيلاء على الحرّ مطلقّا سواء باعه وأخذ ثمنه أم لا. حرمة الاستخدام بغير عوض، وهذا عين الظلم.
Encouragement to fulfill contracts, the prohibition of selling a free person, and giving the worker his wage. A warning to these three and a threat to them of severe punishment. The gravity of treachery against Allah's servants and of violating the sanctity of the name of Allah the Exalted. The prohibition of appropriating a free person absolutely, whether one sold him and took his price or not. The prohibition of employing someone without compensation, for this is the very essence of injustice.