عَنِ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي اللّه عنْهُما أنّ رَسُولَ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قَالَ: «الَّذِي يعُودُ في هِبَتهِ كَالكَلبِ يرجعُ في قَيْئِهِ» متفقٌ عليه. وفي روايةٍ: «مَثَلُ الَّذي يَرجِعُ في صدقَتِهِ، كَمَثلِ الكَلْبِ يَقيءُ، ثُّمَّ يعُودُ في قَيْئِهِ فَيَأكُلُهُ» وفي روايةٍ: «العائِدُ في هِبَتِهِ كالعائدِ في قَيْئِهِ»
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who takes back his gift is like the dog that returns to its vomit." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim). In another narration: "The likeness of the one who takes back his charity is like the likeness of the dog that vomits, then returns to its vomit and eats it." In another narration: "The one who takes back his gift is like the one who returns to his vomit."
الشرح · explanation
يعود في هبته: يرجع. كالكلب يرجع في قيئه: مَثَلِ الكَلبِ يَأكُلُ، فإذا شَبِعَ قاءَ ثمَّ عادَ في قَيئِه، أي عاد وأكل قيئه مرة أخرى وهَذا مِن أقبَحِ الأفعالِ، وأكثرِها نُفْرةً.
"Ya'udu fi hibatihi (takes back his gift)": he reverts (to reclaim it). "Like the dog that returns to its vomit": like the dog that eats, and when it is full it vomits, then returns to its vomit — that is, it goes back and eats its vomit again; and this is among the most repugnant of acts and the most revolting.
الدروس · lessons
الحديث ظاهر في التحريم وهو محمول على هبته لأجنبي، أما إذا وهب لولده وإن سفل فله الرجوع أي بشرطه. وقع التشديد في التشبيه من وجهين: أحدهما تشبيه الراجع بالكلب، والثاني تشبيه المرجوع به بالقيء.
The hadith is apparent in (indicating) prohibition, and it is understood (as referring) to one's gift to a stranger. But if one gives a gift to one's child, however far in descent, one may take it back — that is, subject to its conditions. The severity was expressed in the simile from two angles: the first, likening the one who takes back (his gift) to the dog; and the second, likening what is taken back to vomit.