عَنِ ابن عُمر رضي اللّه عنْهُمَا قَال: اشْتَكَى سعْدُ بنُ عُبادَةَ رضي اللّه عنْهُ شَكْوَى، فَأَتَاهُ رسُولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يعُودُهُ معَ عبْدِ الرَّحْمنِ بنِ عوْفٍ، وسَعْدِ بنِ أبي وقَّاص، وعبْدِ اللّه بن مسْعُودٍ رضي اللّه عنْهمْ، فلما دخَلَ عليْهِ، وجدهُ في غَشْيةٍ فَقالَ: «أَقضَى؟» قَالُوا: لا يا رسُولَ اللّه. فَبَكَى رسُولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم. فَلمَّا رَأى الْقَوْمُ بُكاءَ النبيّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم بَكَوْا، قَالَ: «ألا تَسْمعُون؟ إنَّ اللّه لا يُعَذِّبُ بِدمْعِ الْعَيْنِ، ولا بِحُزْنِ الْقَلْبِ، ولٰكِنْ يُعذِّبُ بِهٰذَا» وَأشَارَ إلى لِسانِهِ «أوْ يَرْحَمُ» متفقٌ عليه.
On the authority of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: Sad ibn Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) suffered an illness, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to visit him along with Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Sad ibn Abi Waqqas, and Abdullah ibn Masud (may Allah be pleased with them). When he entered upon him, he found him in a faint and said: "Has he died?" They said: "No, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wept. When the people saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) weep, they wept. He said: "Do you not hear? Indeed, Allah does not punish for the tears of the eye, nor for the grief of the heart, but He punishes for this" and he pointed to his tongue "or He shows mercy." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
شكوى: مرضًا يشتكي منه. يعوده: يزوره. غشية: أي حالة إغماء. قضى: مات. يعذب بهذا: أي بسببه إن أوقع به محرمًا من نياحة أو ندب. أو يرحم: إن أتى به بمطلوب شرعًا من قول: لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله. وقول: إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون.
"An illness": a sickness one complains of. "To visit him": to call on him. "A faint": that is, a state of unconsciousness. "Has he died": has he passed away. "He punishes for this": that is, on account of it, if he commits with it something forbidden, such as wailing or lamentation. "Or He shows mercy": if he utters with it what is prescribed by the Sharia, such as saying: "There is no might nor power except with Allah," and saying: "Indeed we belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return."
الدروس · lessons
أنّ بكاء العين وحزن القلب عند المصائب جائز لا عقاب عليه، كما أنّه لا ثواب فيه لأنّه أمر جبلي وفطري، وأمّا العقاب والثواب فمرتبطان بما يدلّ على السخط والضجر أو الرضى والتفويض. استحباب عيادة المريض والسؤال عنه، وهي من حقّ المسلم على أخيه المسلم. كمال فضله صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم وتواضعه، ومدى شفقته على أصحابه وحسن تفقده لهم، وتعليمه الناس أحكام الشريعة في المناسبات، وتجلية الأمور لهم، وخاصّة مما شكّوا فيه أو التبس عليهم. حسن أسلوبه صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم في تعليمه وإثارة انتباه السامعين لما يلقيه من إرشاد وتوجيه.
That weeping of the eye and grief of the heart at calamities is permissible, with no punishment for it, just as there is no reward in it, for it is a matter of natural disposition and instinct. As for punishment and reward, they are linked to what indicates discontent and exasperation, or contentment and submission. The desirability of visiting the sick and asking after them; this is among the rights of the Muslim over his fellow Muslim. The perfection of his (peace and blessings be upon him) merit and his humility, the extent of his compassion for his Companions and his fine solicitude for them, his teaching people the rulings of the Sharia on suitable occasions, and his clarifying matters for them, especially those they doubted or found confusing. The excellence of his (peace and blessings be upon him) method in teaching and in drawing the attention of listeners to the guidance and direction he imparts.