عَنْ أنسٍ رضي اللّه عَنهُ أنَّ رَسُولَ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قَال: «البُصَاقُ في المسْجِدِ خَطِيئَةٌ، وَكَفَّارَتُهَا دَفْنُهَا» متفق عليه.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Spitting in the mosque is a sin, and its expiation is to bury it." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
البصاق: ومثله البزاق، وهو ما يخرج من الإنسان من لعابه خارج فمه. يواريها: من المواراة، وهي التغييب. والمرَاد بِدَفْنِهَا إذا كانَ المسْجِدُ تُرابًا أوْ رَمْلًا ونَحْوَهُ فَيُوَارِيهَا تحْتَ ترابهِ، وقيل: المُرَادُ بِدفْنِهَا إخْرَاجُهَا مِنَ المسْجِدِ إذا كَانَ المْسْجِدُ مُبلَّطًا أوْ مجَصَّصًا، ويَغْسِلُهُ.
"Spitting": and like it al-buzaq; it is what comes out of a person of his saliva outside his mouth. "To conceal it": from al-muwarah, which is hiding. What is meant by burying it is: if the mosque is of dirt, sand, or the like, then he conceals it beneath its dirt; and it is said: what is meant by burying it is to remove it from the mosque if the mosque is tiled or plastered, and to wash it.
الدروس · lessons
تحريم إلقاء الأقذار في المسجد من بصاق وغيره، وإذا كان القذر نجاسة كان التحريم أشد، ومن ألقى قذرًا في المسجد أثم ويستمر إثمه ما دام القذر موجودًا، وينبغي أن يستغفر اللّه تعالى عمّا فعل ويسرع في إزالته.
The prohibition of throwing filth in the mosque, such as spit and other than it; and if the filth is an impurity, the prohibition is more severe. Whoever throws filth in the mosque has sinned, and his sin continues as long as the filth remains; he should seek the forgiveness of Allah the Exalted for what he did and hasten to remove it.