عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ رَضِيَ اللّه عَنْهُ قَالَ: صلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم صَلاةَ الصُّبْحِ بِالحُديْبِيَةِ في إِثْرِ سَمَاءٍ كَانتْ مِنَ اللَّيْل، فَلَمَّا انْصرَفَ أَقْبَلَ عَلى النَّاسِ، فَقَال: «هَلْ تَدْرُون مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ؟» قَالُوا: اللّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعلَمُ، قَالَ: «أَصْبَحَ مِنْ عِبَادِي مُؤمِنٌ بي، وَكَافِرٌ، فأَمَّا مَنْ قالَ مُطِرْنَا بِفَضْلِ اللّهِ وَرَحْمتِهِ، فَذلِكَ مُؤمِنٌ بي كَافِرٌ بالْكَوْكَبِ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ قالَ: مُطِرْنا بِنَوْءِ كَذا وَكذا، فَذلكَ كَافِرٌ بي مُؤمِنٌ بالْكَوْكَبِ» متفقٌ عليه.
Zayd ibn Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the dawn (Subh) prayer at al-Hudaybiyah following rain that had fallen during the night. When he finished, he turned to the people and said: "Do you know what your Lord has said?" They said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: "[This] morning, among My servants there is one who believes in Me and one who disbelieves. As for the one who said, 'We have been given rain by the grace of Allah and His mercy,' that one is a believer in Me, a disbeliever in the stars. And as for the one who said, 'We have been given rain by such-and-such a star (naw'),' that one is a disbeliever in Me, a believer in the stars." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
إِثْر سماء: أي إِثْر مَطَر. بنَوْء: أي سقط وغاب، وقيل: إذا طلع ونهض، لأنّ أهل الجاهلية كانوا إذا نزل مطر عند طلوع نجم أو غروبه نسبوا ذلك المطر إليه.
"following a 'sky'" (ithr sama'): that is, following rain. "by a naw'": that is, [a star] setting and disappearing; and it was said: when it rises and ascends — because the people of the Jahiliyyah, when rain fell at the rising or setting of a star, would attribute that rain to it.
الدروس · lessons
أنّ الفاعل الحقيقي في الحوادث هو اللّه سبحانه وتعالى، فينبغي نسبتها إليه. اعتقاد أن الأسباب مُوجدة لمسبباتها حقيقة كفر وإشراك باللّه عزّ وجلّ. نسبة الحوادث لأسبابها مع اعتقاد أن المؤثر الحقيقي هو اللّه تعالى جائز، وإن كان مكروهًا لما في ظاهره كفر لنعمة اللّه تعالى الموجد لها.
The true doer in [all] events is Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), so they should be attributed to Him. Believing that [secondary] causes truly bring about their effects [by themselves] is disbelief and associating partners with Allah (the Mighty and Majestic). Attributing events to their [secondary] causes while believing that the true agent is Allah the Exalted is permissible, though disliked, because of what its outward form contains of ingratitude for the blessing of Allah the Exalted who brought them into being.