عَنِ ابنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللّه عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «إِذا قَالَ الرَّجُـلُ لأَخِيهِ: يَا كَافِر، فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُما، فَإِنْ كَان كَمَا قَالَ وَإِلّا رَجَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ» متفقٌ عليه.
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a man says to his brother, 'O disbeliever,' it returns upon one of the two: if it is as he said, [it is upon the one addressed]; and if not, it returns upon him." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
باء بها: رجع متلبسًا بمعناها. فإن كان كما قال: أي فإن كان المقول له كافرًا كما قال القائل بأنّه ارتكب مكفرًا فهو من أهلها ولا شيء على القائل. وإلّا رجعت عليه: أي على القائل.
"it returns upon [one of them]" (ba'a biha): he returns bearing its meaning. "if it is as he said": that is, if the one addressed is a disbeliever as the speaker said — having committed something amounting to disbelief — then he is of its people, and there is nothing upon the speaker. "and if not, it returns upon him": that is, upon the speaker.
الدروس · lessons
تحريم وصف المسلم بالكفر أو بأي وصف فيه معنى الكفر. من وصف مسلمًا بالكفر واعتقد كفره دون دليل قاطع عليه فقد كفر لجعله الإيمان كفرًا.
The prohibition of describing a Muslim as a disbeliever, or with any description carrying the meaning of disbelief. Whoever describes a Muslim as a disbeliever and believes in his disbelief without a decisive proof for it has himself disbelieved, because he has made faith into disbelief.