عَنْ أَبي ذَرٍّ رَضِي اللّه عنْهُ أَنَّهُ سمِعَ رَسُولَ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يَقُولُ: «منْ دَعَا رَجُلًا بالْكُفْرِ، أَوْ قَالَ: عَدُوَّ اللّهِ، ولَيْس كَذلكَ إِلاَّ حَارَ علَيْهِ» متفقٌ عليه.
Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever calls a man a disbeliever, or says, 'O enemy of Allah,' while he is not so, it rebounds upon him." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim).
الشرح · explanation
دعا رجلاً بالكفر: ناداه به كقوله: يا كافر، أو وصفه به. حار عليه: رجع على المنادي أو الواصف.
"calls a man a disbeliever": calls out to him with it, as in his saying, 'O disbeliever,' or describes him with it. "it rebounds upon him" (hara 'alayhi): it returns upon the one who called out or described.
الدروس · lessons
تحريم وصف المسلم بالكفر أو بأي وصف فيه معنى الكفر. من وصف مسلمًا بالكفر واعتقد كفره دون دليل قاطع عليه فقد كفر لجعله الإيمان كفرًا.
The prohibition of describing a Muslim as a disbeliever, or with any description carrying the meaning of disbelief. Whoever describes a Muslim as a disbeliever and believes in his disbelief without a decisive proof for it has himself disbelieved, because he has made faith into disbelief.