عَنْ جَرِيرٍ رَضِيَ اللّه عَنْهُ: عَنِ النَّبيِّ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «إِذا أَبَقَ الْعبْدُ، لَمْ تُقْبَلْ لَهُ صَلاةٌ» رواه مسلم. وفي روَاية: «فَقَدْ كَفَر»
Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a slave runs away, no prayer of his is accepted." Reported by Muslim. In another narration: "He has thereby disbelieved."
الشرح · explanation
أبق: هرب من خدمة مالكه. لم تقبل له صلاة: أي لا ثواب له على فعلها. فقد كفر: أي بنعمة سيده ولم يؤد حقه، أو بالإسلام إن استحل الإباق.
"Runs away (abaqa)": flees from the service of his owner. "No prayer of his is accepted": that is, he has no reward for performing it. "He has disbelieved": that is, in regard to the favor of his master, having failed to fulfill his due; or in Islam, if he deems running away lawful.
الدروس · lessons
تحريم الإباق لما فيه من نقض العهد وإنكار الجميل، وهذا ممّا لا وجود له في زماننا بسبب عدم وجود الرقيق. على من التزم بعمل كخدمة ونحوها الوفاء بما التزم به. الحثّ على مقابلة الإحسان بالإحسان.
The prohibition of running away, since it involves breaking a covenant and denying kindness; this is something no longer existing in our time due to the absence of slavery. Whoever has committed to a task such as service or the like must fulfill what he has committed to. The encouragement to repay kindness with kindness.