عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهَا، أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَهَمَّهُمْ شَأْنُ المرْأَةِ المخْزُومِيَّةِ الَّتي سَرَقَتْ فَقَالُوا: منْ يُكَلِّمُ فيها رَسُولَ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَقَالُوا: وَمَنْ يَجْتَرئ عَلَيْهِ إِلّا أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيدٍ، حِبُّ رسولِ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَكَلَّمَهُ أُسَامَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «أَتَشْفَعُ في حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللّهِ تَعَالى؟» ثم قام فاختطب ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أَهلَكَ الَّذينَ قَبْلَكُمْ أَنَّهمْ كَانُوا إِذا سَرَقَ فِيهم الشَّرِيفُ تَرَكُوهُ، وَإِذا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الضَّعِيفُ، أَقامُوا عَلَيْهِ الحَدَّ، وَايْمُ اللّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ فاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَرَقَتْ لَقَطَعْتُ يَدَهَا» متفقٌ عليه. وفي رِوَاية: فَتَلَوَّنَ وَجْهُ رسولِ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، فَقَالَ: «أَتَشْفَعُ في حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدودِ اللَّهِ؟» قَالَ أُسَامَةُ: اسْتَغْفِرْ لي يا رسُولَ اللّهِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ أمرَ بِتِلْكَ المرْأَةِ، فقُطِعَتْ يَدُهَا.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the affair of the Makhzumi woman who had stolen distressed the Quraysh, and they said: Who will speak to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about her? Then they said: Who would dare [approach] him except Usama ibn Zayd, the beloved of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? So Usama spoke to him, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Are you interceding concerning one of the prescribed punishments (hudud) of Allah the Exalted?" Then he stood up and delivered an address, then said: "Those before you were destroyed only because, when a noble person among them stole, they let him go, but when a weak person among them stole, they carried out the punishment upon him. By Allah, if Fatimah the daughter of Muhammad were to steal, I would cut off her hand." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim). In another narration: The face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) changed color, and he said: "Are you interceding concerning one of the prescribed punishments of Allah?" Usama said: Ask forgiveness for me, O Messenger of Allah. He said: Then he ordered that the sentence be carried out on that woman, and her hand was cut off.
الشرح · explanation
أهمهم: جلب لهم الهم. المخزومية: نسبة إلى بني مخزوم، وهي فرع قبيلة من قريش، وقد سرقت هذه المرأة قطيفة وحليًا في غزوة الفتح. حبّ: الحبّ هو المحبوب. حدّ: الحدّ هو العقوبة المقدرة في الشرع. فاختطب: أي خطب كما في رواية البخاري. الشريف: ذو المكانة الرفيعة. الضعيف: من لا ناصر له. فتلون: أي تغير غضبًا وغيظًا.
"Distressed them (ahammahum)": brought them worry. "The Makhzumi woman": ascribed to Banu Makhzum, a clan of the Quraysh tribe. This woman had stolen a velvet cloak and some jewelry during the Conquest [of Mecca] campaign. "Beloved (hibb)": the hibb is the one who is loved. "Prescribed punishment (hadd)": the hadd is the penalty fixed by the Sacred Law. "He delivered an address (fakhtataba)": that is, he gave a sermon, as in al-Bukhari's narration. "The noble one (al-sharif)": one of high standing. "The weak one (al-da'if)": one who has no supporter. "His face changed color (fatalawwana)": that is, it changed out of anger and indignation.
الدروس · lessons
منع الشفاعة في الحدود إذا بلغت السلطان، وقال مالك: إن من عرف بأذى الناس لا يشفع له مطلقًا سواء أبلغ الإمام أم لا. دخول النساء مع الرجال في حدّ السرقة وكذا في سائر الحدود. لا محاباة في الإسلام في إقامة الحدّ على من وجب عليه مهما كان قدره وشأنه في قومه. لا تقبل الشفاعة في الحدود ولا توسط في تخفيفها، فالحدود المقدرة شرعًا لا تتغير ولا تتبدل. يجب الاعتبار بأحوال من مضى من الأمم. وفي الحديث فضل أسامة بن زيد ومكانته عند رسول اللّه صلّى اللّه عليه وسلّم.
The prohibition of intercession concerning the prescribed punishments once they have reached the authority. Malik said: whoever is known for harming people is not to be interceded for at all, whether the matter has reached the ruler or not. Women are included with men in the prescribed punishment for theft, and likewise in all other prescribed punishments. There is no favoritism in Islam in carrying out the prescribed punishment upon one who deserves it, whatever his rank and standing among his people. Intercession concerning the prescribed punishments is not accepted, nor is any mediation to lighten them, for the punishments fixed by the Sacred Law do not change or alter. One must take heed from the conditions of the nations that came before. The hadith shows the merit of Usama ibn Zayd and his standing with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).