عَنْ عليٍّ رضي اللّه عَنْهُ قالَ: حَفِظْتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللّهِ صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم: «لا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلامٍ، وَلا صُمَاتَ يَوْمٍ إلى اللَّيْلِ» رواه أبو داود بإسناد حسن. قالَ الخَطَّابي في تفسيرِ هذا الحديثِ: كَانَ مِنْ نُسُكِ الجاهِلِيَّة الصّمَاتُ، فَنُهُوا في الإسْلامِ عَنْ ذلكَ، وأُمِرُوا بِالذِّكْرِ وَالحَدِيثِ بالخَيْرِ.
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I memorized from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): "There is no orphanhood after reaching puberty, and no keeping silent for a whole day until night." Reported by Abu Dawud with a hasan (good) chain. Al-Khattabi said, in explaining this hadith: Silence was among the ritual practices of the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah), so they were forbidden from that in Islam and were commanded to make remembrance of Allah and to speak good.
الشرح · explanation
لا يتم: اليتيم: من مات أبوه وهو صغير دون البلوغ. الاحتلام: خروج المني من الرجل أو المرأة، ومثله البلوغ بالسن. صمات: سكوت وكف عن الكلام. نسك الجاهلية: من عبادتهم التي يزعمون أنّها تقربهم إلى الله.
"No orphanhood": the orphan is one whose father died while he was young, before puberty. "Reaching puberty" (ihtilam): the discharge of semen from a man or woman; likewise puberty is reached by age. "Silence" (sumat): keeping quiet and refraining from speech. "Ritual practices of the Jahiliyyah": among their acts of worship by which they claimed to draw closer to Allah.
الدروس · lessons
ارتفاع اسم اليتم بالبلوغ وارتفاع أحكامه. النهي عن كل عبادات الجاهلية ومنها السكوت، ويقال صيام عن الكلام.
The designation of orphanhood, and its rulings, cease upon reaching puberty. The prohibition of all the worship-practices of the Jahiliyyah, among them imposed silence, which is also called fasting from speech.