عَنْ أبي ذَرٍّ رضي اللّه عَنْهُ أنَّهُ سَمِعَ رسولَ اللّه صَلّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ منْ رَجُلٍ ادَّعَى لِغَيْر أبيهِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُهُ إلّا كَفَرَ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى مَا لَيْسَ لهُ، فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا، وَليَتَبوَّأُ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّار، وَمَنْ دَعَا رَجُلًا بِالْكُفْرِ، أوْ قالَ: عدُوَّ اللّه، وَلَيْسَ كَذلكَ إلّا حَارَ عَلَيْهِ» متفقٌ عليهِ، وَهَذَا لفْظُ روايةِ مُسْلِمِ.
Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "There is no man who claims to belong to someone other than his father, knowing it, except that he has committed disbelief. Whoever claims what is not his does not belong to us, and let him take his seat in the Fire. And whoever calls a man a disbeliever, or says: 'Enemy of Allah,' while he is not so, it rebounds upon him." Agreed upon (al-Bukhari and Muslim), and this is the wording of Muslim's narration.
الشرح · explanation
يتبوأ مقعده: فليأخذ منزله في النار. حار عليه: رجع إليه وكان هو أولى بما قاله من غيره. دعا رجلًا بالكفر: قال له يا كافر.
"Let him take his seat" (yatabawwa): let him take his abode in the Fire. "It rebounds upon him" (hara alayhi): it returns to him, and he is more deserving of what he said than the other. "Calls a man a disbeliever": says to him, "O disbeliever."
الدروس · lessons
حرمة اتهام المسلمين بالكفر أو رميهم بمعاداة اللّه، وأنّ من فعل مع أخيه ذلك بغير حقّ كان هو أولى من أخيه بما قاله، وفي هذا منتهى الزجر والتنفير من ذلك.
The prohibition of accusing Muslims of disbelief or charging them with enmity toward Allah; whoever does that to his brother without right is more deserving of what he said than his brother. In this is the utmost deterrence and repulsion from such conduct.